Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| skin (cutaneous membrane) | largest organ of the body |
| epidermis and dermis | two main parts of the skin |
| epithelial tissue | tissue of epidermis |
| connective tissue | tissue of the dermis |
| subcutaneous layer | lies beneath the skin and is NOT part of the skin |
| hair, glands, nails | accessory structures of integumentary system |
| protection, prevent h2o loss/gain, metabolic regulation, absorption/secretion, immune functions | epidermis functions |
| temp regulation, secretion/absorption, sensory reception | dermis functions |
| epidermis | thin, superficial layer of skin, avascular, keratinized stratified squamous |
| keratinocytes | 90% of epidermis, produce keratin, lamellar granules contribute to water repellency |
| melanocytes | 8% of epidermis, produce melanin, projections between keratinocytes, melanin absorbs UV light/protect keratinocytes |
| intraeptdermal macrophages (Langhans cells) | Originate from red bone marrow and migrate to epidermis, immune response, destroy microbes |
| tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) | located in stratum basale, touch sensation, tactile disc |
| basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum | order of epidermal strata |
| stratum basale | deepest layer, active mitosis, tonofilaments, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, melanocytes, Merkel cells |
| stratum spinosum | 8-10 layers; spiny, strong and flexible, keratin intermediate fibers, desmosomes, absorbs melanin, superficial cells flatten |
| stratum granulosum | transitional zone, about 3-5 layers, flat, dying cells, apoptosis, lamellar granules, water-repellant; keratohyalin contributes to keratin |
| stratum lucidum | only in thick skin like fingertips, palms, and soles; 4-6 layers of clear flat, dead keratinocytes filled with keratin |
| stratum corneum | outermost; about 25-30 layers in thin skin and 50+ in thick skin; dead keratinized water repellant cells; constantly shed |
| epidermal growth | newly formed cells in stratum basale pushed upward cells undergo keratinization/apoptosis as they move towards surface 4-6 weeks from basale to corneum EGF simulates growth of ep. cells/fibroblasts |
| EGF | Epidermal Growth Factor |
| Dermis | thickest layer and deep to the epidermis; made of dense irregular connective tissue w/ collagen and elastic fibers |
| accessory structures of dermis | glands, hair, nerves, blood vessels |
| papillary and reticular layer | regions of the dermis |
| papillary layer | superficial/thin; 20% of dermis; areolar CT |
| dermal papillae; capillary loops; meissner''s corpuscles; free nerve endings | how to recognize papillary layer |
| reticular layer | deep/thicker; dense irregular connective tissue; net-like arrangement |
| hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands | how to recognize reticular layer |
| Meissner's corpuscles | associated with touch sensations |
| free nerve endings | associated with warmth, cool, pain, and itch |
| root plexus | sensitive to touch around hair follicles |
| tension lines | reflect direction of underlying collagen fibers |
| perpendicular | what incision creates more scarring? |
| parallel | what incision creates thinner, finer scars |
| found over most of the body except palms, soles, and a few small areas | where is hair found? |
| epidermis | where do hair and follicles develop from |
| hair | columns of dead, keratinized epidermal cells |
| shaft | visible part of hair |
| root | embedded in dermis |
| hair follicle | surrounds root |
| bulb | swollen portion surrounding root |
| hair matrix | innermost layer of follicle; site of growth |
| papilla | cluster of capillaries beneath the hair matrix |
| root plexus | sensitive to touch |
| arrestor pili | associated with goose bumps |
| 5 in | how much does hair grow per year |
| growth stage | matrix divides and pushes hair; 2-6 years |
| regression stage | matrix stops dividing; 2-3 weeks |
| resting stage | last stage; new growth cycle begins; 3 months |
| sebaceous gland function | lubricates hair/skin; secretion increases during adolescence |
| sebaceous gland location/product | connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum |
| sebaceous gland classification/mechanism | holocrine; simple branched acinar |
| ceruminous gland function | contributes to earwax; provides sticky barrier against foreign bodies |
| ceruminous gland location/product | external ear canal; modified sweat gland; secretes cerumen |
| ceruminous gland classification/mechanism | apocrine |
| eccrine sweat gland function | produces sweat/is involved in maintaining body-temp homeostasis |
| eccrine sweat gland location/product | most numerous in forehead, palms, soles, excretory portion in deep dermis |
| eccrine sweat gland classification/mechanism | merocrine; simple coiled tubular |
| apocrine sweat gland function | more viscous secretion w/ lipids/proteins; interacts w/ bacteria for body odor |
| apocrine sweat gland location/product | axilla, groin, areolae of breasts, bearded regions of males, duct opens into hair follicles |
| apocrine sweat gland classification/mechanism | merocrine mechanism; simple coiled tubular |
| nails | consist of epidermal cells converted to hard keratin |
| nail body | visible part of each nail |
| root | part in groove hidden by cuticle |
| lunula | moon-shaped white area near root |
| nail bed | layer of epithelium under nail body; contains abundant BV |
| eponychium | cuticle |
| mitosis of cells in stratum basale beneath lunula; 1 in/yr | how does growth occur in nails |
| restoration of normal/near normal function and structure | goal of wound healing of the skin |
| epidermal and deep wound | types of wound healing of skin |
| epidermal wound healing example | abrasions and minor burns |
| epidermal wound healing process | basal cell moves into wounded area and enlarges; migration continues until wound is resurfaced, contact inhibition stops migration; cells form new strata |
| EGF connection | Epidermal growth factor stimulates growth of epidermal cells and fibroblasts |
| Deep wound healing example | injury to dermis and subcutaneous layer |
| inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, maturation | deep wound healing phases |
| inflammatory phase | vascular/cellular response; blood clot forms; WBCs migrate to destroy invading microorganisms |
| Migratory phase | scab forms, epidermal cells migrate beneath scab to bridge wound; fibroblasts form scar tissue; granulation tissue forms |
| proliferative phase | extensive growth of epidermal cells; collagen deposited |
| maturation phase | scab sloughs off; epidermal cells are replaced toward original thickness; collagen fibers organize |
Created by:
auweb921
Popular Anatomy sets