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AP Gov unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federalism | a system that divides power between a national and state governments |
| Unitary system | system where the central government has all the power over subnational governments |
| confederal system | system assistant where the subnational governments have most of the power |
| federal system | system where power is divided between the national and state governments |
| enumerated or expressed powers | Powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Constitution also called expressed powers |
| exclusive powers | powers only the national government May exercise |
| implied powers | powers powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers |
| commerce clause | Clause grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and Commercial activity |
| necessary and proper clause | grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers also called the elastic clause |
| supremacy clause | clause establishes the Constitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its Authority as the highest law of the land |
| 10th amendment | Amendment reserves Powers not delegated to the national government to the states and to the people the basis of federalism |
| reserved powers | powers not given to the national government which are retained by the state and the people |
| concurrent powers | powers are granted to both state and the federal government in the Constitution |
| extradition | the requirements that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was committed |
| privileges and immune clause | constitutional Clause that prevent States from discriminating against people from out of state |
| 13th amendment | amendment constitutional amendment that Outlaws slavery |
| 14th amendment | amendment constitutional amendment that provides the persons born in the United States are citizens and prohibit States from From denying persons due process or equal protection under the law |
| 15th amendment | amendment constitutional amendment that gave African-American males the right to vote |
| dual federalism | orm of American federalism in which the states and the national government operate independently in their own areas of public policy |
| selective incorporation | the process through which the Supreme Court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the States on a Case by case basis |
| cooperative federalism | orm of American federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy |
| grants in aid | federal money provided to States to implement public policy objectives |
| fiscal federalism | the federal government's use of grants in Aid to influence policies in the states |
| categorical grants | grants in a provided to states with specific provisions on their use |
| unfunded mandate | federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding |
| block grant | type of grant and aid that gives States officials more Authority in a disbursement of federal funds |
| revenue sharing | sharing when the federal government apportions tax money to the states when no strings attached |
| devolution | returning more authority to state or local governments |
| full faith and credit clause | constitutional Clause requiring states to recognize the public acts records and civil court proceedings from another state |
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