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Unit 1 Foundations
Foundations of American Democracy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which form of government gives citizens the power to make laws and government decisions directly? | Direct democracy |
| Which form of government is most similar to the system used by the United States? | Republic |
| In which form of government is political power held by a small group of people? | Oligarchy |
| A government controlled primarily by religious leaders or based on religious authority is called a: | Theocracy |
| Which form of government generally concentrates power in one ruler or a small group and limits meaningful political participation? | Authoritarianism |
| The idea of democratic government began more than 2,500 years ago in: | Greece |
| The idea of a republic, or representative government, began in ancient: | Rome |
| The word democracy comes from Greek words meaning: | Rule by the people |
| Which statement BEST describes the difference between ancient Athenian democracy and the modern United States government? | Athens used direct democracy, while the United States uses a representative republic. |
| Which English king is associated with developing the idea of the jury trial? | King Henry II |
| Which document established important principles including the rule of law and due process? | Magna Carta |
| Which principle requires that a person who has been arrested be brought before a court so the court can determine whether there is a legal reason to hold that person? | Habeas corpus |
| Which document was accepted by William and Mary in 1689 and formally summarized important rights and liberties of the English people? | English Bill of Rights |
| Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property? | John Locke |
| Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that government power should be divided among executive, legislative, and judicial branches? | Baron de Montesquieu |
| Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that people should be tolerant of differences in religious and political beliefs? | Voltaire |
| Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that life without government would be “lonely, poor, unpleasant, brutal, and brief” and therefore supported a strong government? | Thomas Hobbes |
| Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that women deserved the same rights as men? | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| Which Enlightenment thinker argued that war and prejudice would disappear when people learned to use reason? | Marquis de Condorcet |
| Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that people formed a social contract when they joined together to protect themselves and their property? | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| Which Enlightenment thinker advocated for the rights of the accused and opposed arbitrary and cruel penalties? | Cesare Beccaria |
| According to John Locke's social contract theory, who are the two parties involved in the social contract? | The government and the people |
| According to the principle of popular sovereignty, government derives its power from: | The people |
| According to social contract theory, what do people have the right to do if their government abuses its power and fails to protect their rights? | Establish or choose a new government |
| How do the preambles to the U.S. and Oregon Constitutions demonstrate popular sovereignty? | Both begin with “We the People.” |
| Which goals or purposes are found in BOTH the preamble to the Oregon Constitution and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution? | Justice and liberty |
| Which groups were left out of full political participation when the phrase “We the People” was originally written into the U.S. and Oregon constitutional traditions? | African Americans, women, and Indigenous peoples |
| What is the main difference between civil rights and human rights? | Civil rights are connected to citizenship within a particular country, while human rights belong to all people. |
| What is an example of a human right? | Freedom from discrimination |
| What is the primary purpose of the U.S. Bill of Rights? | To protect individual freedoms and limit government power |
| Which amendment became an important tool for expanding civil rights and applying many constitutional protections to state and local governments? | Fourteenth Amendment |
| Which Supreme Court case ended racial segregation in public schools? | Brown v. Board of Education |
| Which federal law prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs receiving federal financial assistance? | Title IX |
| What was the primary purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? | To establish a common standard of human rights for people around the world |
| True or False: Different documents protect different rights at state, national, and international levels. | True |
| What is a primary source? | An original document or first-hand evidence from the time being studied |
| The phrase “We the People” in the U.S. Constitution reflects which principle? | Popular sovereignty |
| What is limited government? | A government whose power is restricted by laws and a constitution |
| Which constitutional principle divides power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches? | Separation of powers |
| What is the purpose of checks and balances? | To allow each branch to limit the power of the other branches |
| What does the Tenth Amendment generally establish? | Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people. |
| Why is the Supremacy Clause important? | It establishes that valid federal law takes priority over conflicting state law. |
| "The Constitution limits what government officials are allowed to do," demonstrates what constitutional principle? | limited government |
| True or False: The U.S. and Oregon Constitutions both establish government power while placing limits on that power and protecting individual rights. | True |
| Which constitutional principle is BEST illustrated when government officials must obey the same laws and Constitution that apply to everyone else? | rule of law |
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teacherdavidfrost
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