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joints/articulations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fibrous joints: No joint cavity and, in general, does not | move. radioulnar and tibiofibular joints |
| cartilaginous joints: Has no cavity and is somewhat | moveable. growth zones in the arms and legs |
| synovial joints: Joint cavity which is kept lubricated by | synovial fluid. intercarpal joint |
| There are two types of fibrous joints: | suture and syndesmosis. |
| There are two types of cartilaginous joints: | synchondrosis and symphysis. |
| There are four types of synovial joints: | plane, uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial. |
| Plane joints are joints that glide where the flat ends of bones | connect. Examples of plane joints are the |
| Uniaxial joints allow movement around one axis only. Examples of uniaxial joints are the | elbow joint and the interphalangeal joint. |
| Biaxial joints allow movement around two axes. Examples of biaxial joints are the | knee joint, the temporomandibular (jaw) joint, and the radiocarpal (wrist) joint. |
| Triaxial joints allow movement around three axes. Examples of triaxial joints are the ball and socket joint found in the | hip and shoulder, as well as the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium (base of thumb) and the first metacarpal. |
| Ball and socket joints are the most ______ _______joints in the body. | freely moveable |
| flexion - Bending to decrease the angle between two | bones. Think of this as flexing the biceps. |
| extension-Unbending to increase the angle between two | bones. Think of this as extending, as in reaching your arm as far as you can (virtually eliminating the angle between the humerus and the radius/ulna). |
| abduction-Moving a body part away from the | midline. |
| adduction-Moving a body part | towards the midline. |
| circumduction-Movement of a body part in a | circle, which can include all the above joint movements as well. |
| extension | unbending |
| flexion | bending |
| abduction | moving away from midline |
| adduction | adding a part back to the body |
| circumduction | circling |
| Moving your hand into a fist is considered _____. | flexion |
| While sitting in a chair with your feet flat on the gound, straighten your leg. This is _____. | extension |
| A great back stretch would be bending from the waist toward the right, and circling all the way around. This is called _____. | circumduction |
| _____ would be used in straightening your arm. | Extension |
| _____ would be used in folding your arms. | Flexion |
| rotation | Movement of a body part or parts around its axis. |
| supine | The position of the body when lying face up, including hands being palm up and feet bent upwards. |
| prone | The position of the body when lying face down, including the hands being palm down and the feet bent downwards. |
| dorsiflexion:Movement of the foot that brings the top of the foot closer to | the leg. |
| plantar flexion:Movement of the foot that brings the heel closer to the posterior part of the leg, the toe pointed farther away from the | leg. |
| dorsiflexion | flexing the foot |
| plantar flexion | pointing the toe |
| rotation | around an axis |
| supine | lying face up |
| prone | lying face down |
| Lying face down, as necessary for back surgery, is considered _____. | prone |
| _____ is movement around an axis or stationary point. | rotation |
| In a chorus line, dancers must always use _____. | plantar flexion |
| In karate, in order to avoid breaking the toes, an athlete must use _____. | dorsiflexion |
| Surgery on the chest cavity would require the patient to be placed in _____. | supine |
| Dorsiflexion is _____. | movement of the foot that brings the top of the foot closer to the leg |
| Synovial joints _____. | move with ease |
| Bending to decrease the angle between bones is called _____. | flexion |
| Circumduction is _____. | movement in a circle |
| The position of the body when lying face down, including the hands being palm down and the feet bent downwards, is called _____. | prone |
| An area where two bones move is called a _____. | joint |
| The three types of joints are _____. | fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
| Plane joints are _____. | synovial joints |
| Joints that allow movement around three axes are called _____. | triaxial |
| Cartilaginous joints are _____. | somewhat moveable |
| tubercle:Small, rounded process on the | femur. |
| trochanter:Massive and found only on the | femur. |
| condyle:Round, articulating knob on the humerus. | |
| tuberosity:Large, rounded process on the | humerus. |
| fossa:Flattened, shallow; i.e. | armpit (axillae). |
| sulcus:Grooved, fissure; i.e. deep furrows of | brain. |
| sinus:Cavity, hollow space in | bone. |
| A sinus is a | depression in bone. |
| accessory ligament:Any ligament that strengthens or supports another | ligament. |
| arcuate ligament:Means curved or bent. While arcuate ligaments are found in several areas, some are located in the spine and assist in maintaining the erect | position. These are called ligamenta flava, (ligamentum flavum [singular]). |
| collateral ligament:There are several types of collateral ligaments, including fibular, radial, tibial, ulnar, etc. These are basically ligaments that are not direct, but are | supporting ligaments. |
| coracoid ligament:Coracoid means like a raven’s beak and is used to describe an area on the scapula. It is so named for its | shape. |
| cruciate ligament:Cruciate means shaped like a | cross. |
| falciform ligament:Falciform means shaped like a sickle and appears near the sacral tuberosity as well as within the liver. | |
| inguinal ligament:Inguinal is a term used to describe the groin area. | |
| interosseous ligament:Interosseous means between | bones and describes several different ligaments. |
| longitudinal ligament:Longitudinal simply means | lengthwise. It is used to describe any ligament that runs lengthwise. |
| nuchal ligament:Nuchal means pertaining to the | neck. |
| triquetral ligament:Triquetral means three | cornered and appears in different places throughout the body. |
| cruciate | shaped like a cross |
| arcuate | curved or bent |
| accessory | support |
| coracoid | like a raven's beak |
| collateral | indirect |
| An area of the scapula is shaped like a bird's beak. The ligament that surrounds it is called the _____ ligament. | coracoid |
| An _____ ligament strengthens or supports another ligament. | accessory |
| A _____ ligament is shaped like a cross. | cruciate |
| Located on the spine, the _____ ligament literally means curved or bent. | arcuate |
| There are several types of _____ ligaments that are made up of several bands and are not directly connected. | collateral |
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