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Constitutional Basic
Need to Know
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Rights | irrevocable/innate rights |
| Social Contract | government protects rights- alter or abolish government |
| Popular Sovereignty | all authority and legitimacy for government derives from the people |
| Limited Government | powers of government must be listed and constricted |
| Separation of Powers | write (legislative), interpret (judicial), and enforce (executive) the law |
| Checks and Balances | branches of powers that allow them to influence/ limit the others ex: veto override, impeachment, approval power (judges, cabinets, etc.) |
| Federalism | relationship of shared power between national and state governments |
| Republicanism | representative democracy -> elected to make laws on our behalf |
| Participatory Democracy | focus on broad participants; most are local and state elections; initiatives and referendums (state level)-> citizens vote directly on laws |
| Pluralist Democracy | focus on competition bit groups; political parties and interest groups |
| elite democracy | government run by political and economic elites;/ invisible primary, campaign donations, and electoral college |
| faction | any group with common interests |
| federalists | wants power divided between a national government and individual state governments |
| republicanism | believes power and authority belong with the people and their elected leaders |
| Declaration of Independence (main argument) | governments must protect people's rights and the people have the right to get rid of it and start a new one |
| Preamble of the Constitution (main argument) | the people have the right to form their own government to secure their own safety, liberty, and well-being. |
| Federalist 10 (main argument) | a large, representative republic is the best way to control the dangers of factions |
| Federalist 51 (main argument) | the government needs a system of checks and balances and separation of powers to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful |
| Brutus 1 (main argument) | a large, centralized republic is dangerous and will destroy people's liberty |
| Gettysburg address (main argument) | the American Civil War is a test of whether a nation built on freedom and equality can survive |
| Washington's Farewell Address (main argument) | national unity is the greatest threat to, and protector of, American freedom and prosperity |
| Shay's Rebellion | showed that the U.S. government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak |
| Electoral College | reinforced the two-party system, occasionally overriding the national popular vote, and institutionalizing early compromises over slavery and state sovereignty |
| 3/5th Compromise | determined how enslaved people would be counted for congressional representation and taxation |
| Great Compromise | saved the U.S. Constitutional Convention from collapsing by creating America's dual-system Congress |
| Articles of Confederation | it created a central government that was too weak to function, which directly led to the creation of the current U.S. Constitution |
| Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 | stops the government from making rules that heavily interfere with a person's practice of their religion |
| "The Spirit of the Laws"- Baron de Montesquieu | argues the best way to protect human liberty and stop tyranny is to divide government power into separate branches |
| Lincoln's Second Inaugural Speech | called for national healing and forgiveness instead of revenge |
| Letters from a Federal Farmer | argues the U.S. Constitution will destroy state independence and create a single, powerful government instead of preserving a true federation of separate republics |
| Little Rock 9 and Executive Order 10730 | The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine African American students who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas; Executive Order 10730 was the order signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower that sent federal troops to protect them |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, added in 1791 to protect people's basic liberties and limit the power of the government |
| Bicameral Legislature | a lawmaking branch of government that is split into two separate houses or chambers |
| Articles of the Constitution (LEJSASR) | the seven main sections that set up how the United States government works |
| Name the Articles of the Constitution: | 1-Legislative Branch 2-Executive Branch 3-Judicial Branch 4-State Relationships; Full Faith and Credit Clause / Privileges and Immunities Clause 5-Amendment Clause 6-Supremacy Clause 7-Ratification Process for Constitution |
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