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AP Gov unit 2

TermDefinition
Constitution A document that sets out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institutions of a government.
republic A government rules by the representatives of the people.
Articles of confederation and perpetual Union a governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the union, were supreme.
unicameral a one house legislature
Shays rebellion a popular uprising against the government of Massachusetts.
Constitutional Convention a meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the articles of confederation.
Writ of habeas corpus the right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them.
bills of attainder when the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial.
ex post facto laws a law punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed.
Virginia plan a plan of government calling for a three branch government with a bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more representation in Congress.
New Jersey plan a plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state.
Grand committee a committee at the Constitutional convention that worked out to compromise on representation.
Great (Connecticut) compromise an agreement for a plan of government that drew both VI/NJ plans. it ettle stat representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with a House of representatives and senate apportioned to proportionally.
bicameral a two house legislature
3/5ths compromse an agreement reached by delegates at the constitutional convention that a slave would count as three fifth of a person in calculating the state populations.
compromise on importation Congress would not restrict the slave trade until 1808
separation of powers a design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own.
checks and balances a design of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making a policy.
federalism the sharing of power between the national government and the states
legislative branch the institution responsible for making laws.
expressed or numerated powers authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the constitution.
necessary and proper or elastic clause Art 1, sec 8 states: granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.
imlied branch authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers.
judicial branch the institution responsible for hearing and deciding cases through the federal court.
supremacy clause constitutional provision declaring that the constitution an all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land
amendment the process by which changes may be made to the constitution
federalist supporters of the proposed constitution, who called for strong central government
antifederalist those opposed to the proposed constitution who favored stronger state government.
federalist papers 85 essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay that lay out the theory behind the constitution.
federalist No. 51 essay which Madison argue that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny.
faction a group of self interested people who use the government to get what they want, trampling peoples right in the process.
federalist No.10 an essay which madison argues that the dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government.
Brutus No.1 an antifederalist paper arguing that the country is too large to be governed as a republic and that the constitution gave too much power to the national government
executive branch the institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch.
Created by: Lvander!
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