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AP Gov Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Limited government | a Democratic ideal that all government's power cannot be absolute (leaders power is limited) |
| natural rights | a Democratic ideal that all people have certain rights that cannot be taken away |
| popular sovereignty | a Democratic ideal that all government power comes from the consent of its people (power to the people) |
| republicanism | democratic principle that the will of the people is reflected in government debates and decisions by their representatives (consent of the governed) |
| social contract | an implicit agreement among the people in a society to give up some freedoms to maintain social order |
| participatory democracy | emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society where citizens vote directly for laws; ex: possible at state/local level like in a town hall |
| pluralist democracy | emphasizes group-based activism by non-governmental interests striving for impact on political decision making allowing many people to voice their interests, preventing wealthy from grabbing all the power Ex: interest groups |
| elite democracy | emphasizes limited participation in politics and civil society because elected reps make decisions for people who elected them, Ex: Electoral College |
| Shay's Rebellion | 1786-1787 rebellion led by Daniel Shays and other ex-Rev War soldiers-turned farmers who opposed state economic policies causing poverty and property foreclosures. Significance = showed weakness of Art of Conf and gave Fed argument for stronger fed gov |
| Great (Connecticut) Compromise | Compromise of Virginia plan (favored large states and reps in proportion to states population) + NJ Plan (favored small states and equal votes per state) = Developed a bicameral legislature. Virginia plan inspires the HR. NJ plan inspires the Senate. |
| 3/5 Compromise | Enslaved people were counted as 3/5 of a person in the South where slaves made up 40% of the population. Affecting representation in the House |
| Exclusive powers | powers held by only 1 level of government, typically used to reference the federal govt |
| Concurrent powers | powers shared between state and federal government. Ex: collect taxes, make and enforce laws, power to build roads |
| enumerated powers | powers written in the Constitution |
| implied powers | powers not specifically written in the Constitution but are inferred from the Necessary and Proper Clause |
| reserved powers | powers not delegated or enumerated to the national government but are reserved to the states (10th Amendment) |
| commerce clause | gives the national government the power to regulate interstate commerce (defined more in US v Lopez) |
| Necessary and proper clause | aka the elastic clause, gives Congress the power to make laws related to carrying out its enumerated powers (defined more in McCulloch v Maryland) |
| Federalism | system of government in US, power is shared between the national/state/local governments |
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