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Ms. B
Medical Assistant Medical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dyspnea | Shortness of breath |
| Anatomy | Study of sturcture |
| Physiology | Study of function |
| Pathology | Study of disease |
| Word | usually describe a body part of function |
| Gloss/ Lingu | Tongue |
| Cardiac | Cardi (heart) Ac (pertaining to) |
| Cardiomyopathy | Cardi (heart) Myo (muscle) Pathy (disease) |
| Cardiovascular | Cardi (heart) Vasc (blood vessel) Ar (pertaining to) |
| Gastritis | Gastro (stomach) Itis (Inflamation of) |
| Hepatitis | Hepat (liver) Itis (Inflamation of) |
| Athroscopy | Arthro (Joint) Scopy ( visual exam) |
| Sagittal Plane | Divides body into left and right |
| Transverse Plane | Divides Superior from Inferior |
| Proximal | Close or near |
| Supine | Lying on the back |
| Distal | Far or further away |
| Prone | Lying face down |
| Splenomegaly | Abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| Hepatomegaly | Abnormal enlargement of the liver |
| Abdominal Palpation | Assessment of the abdomen (technique) |
| Leukocytosis | Increase of white blood cells |
| Palpation | Examination by feeling with fingers and hands |
| Febrile | Feeling feverish/ fever symptoms |
| Arthr | Joints |
| Cardi | Heart |
| Gastr | Stomach |
| Hepat | Liver |
| Lingu | Tongue |
| Oste | Bone |
| Pneum | Lung |
| Ectomy | Surgical removal of |
| Ary | Pertaining to |
| Hystero | Uterus |
| Salping | Fallopian Tubes |
| Oopher | Ovaries |
| Megaly | Enlargement |
| Algia | Pain |
| Itis | Inflamation |
| Polyneuritis | Inflamation of many nerves |
| Scopy | Visual examination |
| Tomy | Surgical incision |
| Logy | Study of |
| Stomy | Create artificial opening |
| Scope | Instrument used to perform scopy |
| Pnea | Breathing |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
| Tracheotomy | Temporary incision in the trachea that assists breathing in an emergency |
| Tracheostomy | Permanent incision in the trachea to create a new way to breathe |
| Suffixes | Appear at the end of word root |
| Pefixes | Appear at before combining form, usually but not always indicates location, time, number, or status. gives more information about term. |
| Paricardium | Surrounding the heart |
| Epigastric | Pertaining to above the stomach |
| Polyneuritis | Inflamation of many nerves |
| Sub | Under |
| Hypo | Below, Decrease |
| Ante | Before |
| Peri | Surrounding |
| Hyper | Above, Decrease |
| Dys | Difficult, Painful |
| Anti | Against |
| Pre | Before |
| Carnival Cavity | Space where brain lives |
| Spinal Cavity | Inside spine |
| Ventrical Cavity | Front side of the body |
| Thoracic | Chest |
| Pelvic | Reproductive Organs |
| Axis | Center of body |
| Diaphram | Breathing muscle |
| Abdominal Pelvic Region | 9 regions, 4 quadrants Top: Left & right hypocondriac region, Epigrastric region (middle) Middle: Left & Right Lumbar region, Umbical region (middle) Bottom: Left & Right Ilica Region, Hypogasric region |
| Condria | Ligaments the hold the ribs together |
| Inguinal | Iliac Region |
| Sagittal | Divides left from right |
| Mid Sagittal | Divides body into two equal halves |
| Frontal/ Coronal | Divides anterior (front) from posterior (back) |
| Transverse | Divides Superior (upper) from interior (lower) |
| Anter/o Ventr/o | Anterior (front) Ventrol (front) |
| Poster/o Dors/o | Posterior (back) Dorsal (back) |
| Super/o Cephal/o | Superior (Above) Cephal (above) |
| Infer/o Cauda/o | Inferior (below) Caudal (below) |
| Later/o | Lateral (sides) away from the middle |
| Proxim/o | Proximal (close /near) |
| Dist/o | Distal (far/ further away) |
| Homeostasis | A constant state if the internal enviornment |
| Cardiovascular system The Heart | to pump blood containing o2 and nutrients to the cells of the body and return co2 and other waste to the body areas for removal. |
| Partners | Blood vessels, arteries, viens, capillaries and lungs |
| Arteries | Take blood away |
| Viens | Take blood away |
| Capillaries | Take blood in and out of cells and tissues |
| Lungs | Supplier for oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide (final step) |
| 4 chambers | Moves blood thought the heart (weighs 9oz) Top: Left & Right atrium {receiving chambers} Bottom: Left & Right ventricle {sends blood out} |
| Deoxygenated blood (co2) | Carbon dioxide [from body] right side |
| Oxygenated blood (o2) | Lungs [from lungs] left side |
| Septum | Separates heart left and right sides |
| Myocardium | Muscles around the heart |
| Systole | Contraction {systolic pressure} |
| Diastole | Relaxation {systolic pressure} |
| Vena Cava | Largest viens |
| Superior Vena Cava | Upper largest viens |
| Inferior Vena Cava | Lower largest viens |
| Cusp | Flap |
| Valve | Doors of the heart |
| Tricuspid Valve | Three Cusps (flaps) that fold over to close |
| Pulminary Valve | Shaped like two half moons |
| Pulminary Artiary | Splits and sends blood to both lungs |
| Pluminary Viens | Attached to the left atrium; takes oxygenated blood from lungs to heart |
| Acending Aorta | Sends blood to the upper part of the body |
| Descending Aorta | Sends blood to the lower part of the body |
| Endocardium | Inner most layer of the chambers made of connective tissue. Also forms chambers and valves. |
| Myocardium | Muscular walls of the heart and septum |
| Epicardium/ Pericardium | Outer protective layers of the heart |
| Visceral Pericardium | Protective layer directly next to the heart muscle |
| Parietal Pericardium | Outer protective layer reffered to as the pericardial sac |
| Cardiac Cycle | One complete heart beat |
| Normal Heart Rate | 60-100 beats per minute (BPM) cycle takes 0.08 seconds |
| Pericardial Fluid | Fluid between the layers of the pericardium |
| Cardiac Tamponade | Increased fluid in the pericardial space between the layers cause pressure against the heart muscle (usually due to pericarditis) |
| Coronary Arteries | Supplies the heart with blood/o2 |
| Partial Occlusion | Blood flow/o2 decreases= ischemia (tissue damage) causes angina (system of chest pain) |
| Ischemia | Tissue damage |
| Angina | Chest pain symptom |
| Total Occlusion | Blood flow/ o2 stops= Myocondrial infraction (heart attack) heart tissue dies (MI) the severity of heart attack depends on size of affected area of the heart. |
| SystolicReading (in BP) | Upper number |
| Diastolic Reading (in BP) | Lower number |
| Repolarization | Relaxation (electrical term) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | CAD |
| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries |
| Stains | Cholesterol medications (keep below 200mg) |
| Infarction | Death of tissue |
| Atherosclerosis | The build up of lipids (cholesterol) in the artery wall |
| SA node | Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) bigins the process by sending initial electrical signal, both atria depolarize and sends blood from atria (top) to ventricles (bottom) |
| AV node | Atrioventricular node recives signal from SA node and relays to AV bundle, has ability to act as backup pacemaker if SA node fails. |
| AV bundle | Bundle of HIS recieves signal from the AV node, splits into the LT & RT bundle branches in order to send signal to LT & RT ventricles. |
| Purkinje Fibers | Extensions of the bundle branches found in the walls ventricles that recieve signal at the end process and cause ventricles to contract (depolarization) |
| Eletrocardiogram | Written record of the hearts electrical activity |
| Erythrocytes | cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide thought the blood |
| Leuko | white blood cells (wbc), white cytes |
| Thrombo | clot/ clotting, cells, platlets |
| Plasma | liquid component of blood made of 90% water |
| Thymus Gland | produces T- lymphocytes (t cells), gland between the lungs and just below the neck |
| Herratopoeisis | production of blood cells |
| Immunity | the ability of the body to protect itself |
| Coagulation | formation of blood clots |
| Plasma | antibodies, nutrients, ions, clotting factors (fibrinogen and prothrombin) |
| Hemophilla | Genetic disorder where a person is missing a genetic factor that allows them not to clot. |
| Hematopoeisis | process when rbc's are formed in bone marrow |
| Ions | zinc, iron, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium |
| Pluse | use two fingers (never thumb) count pulsations for 60 secs or for 30 and multiply by 2 |
| Superficial Temporal | Head |
| External Maxilary | Jaw line |
| Carotid | neck |
| Brachial | Arm (elbow) |
| Dorsal | top of feet |
| Radial | wrist (thumb) |
| Ulnar | wrist (pinky) |
| Femoral | Groin |
| Papliteal | legs (behind knees) |
| Posterior Tibial | ankles (heel) |
| Red Blood Cells | transport oxygen to cells of the body and assist in removal of carbon dioxide from cells and body, assist in immunity to provide protection from invading pathogens. |
| White Blood Cells | part of the immune system that protect body from infection, circulate thought blood and respond to injury or illness by attracting unknown organisms that enter the body |
| Bundle of HIS AV Bundle | Recives signal from AV Node, splits into RT< bundle branches to send signal to LT&RT ventricles. |
| Plasma | liquid component of blood that is approx. 90% water that has antibodies |
| Depolarization | Contract |
| Erytho | Red blood cells (RBC), red cytes, round, cylindrical, and biconcave in shape |
| Immunity | body's ability to protect itself |
| Spleen | reservoir for old and new, organ that filters blood in the upper left abdomen. |
| Plasma Content | antibodies, nutrients, ions, clotting factors (fibrinogen, prothrombin) |
| 4 recognized blood types | type A, type B, type AB, type O |
| Types O negative & O positive | are best suited to donate red blood cells. O- is the universal blood anyone can receive it. both are extra special for traumas. |
| Reticulocytes | Are the blood cells created that are immature before the get to the spleen to mature and then released into circulation. |
| Hemoglobin | HGB Provides color for red |
| Antigen | These proteins identify blood type: Type A, Type B, Type AB and Type O |
| Hypothermia | generally defined as core temperature |
| Hyperthermia | caused by the body's inability to regulate heat |
| Pyrexia | medical term for, meaning an elevated body temperature typically |
| Febrile | patient showing signs of elevated body temperature, often accompanied by chills, sweating, or general malaise |
| Blood Cells Function to transport | To transport oxygen to the cells of your body and assist in the removal of carbon dioxide from the cells of the body, assist in immunity, and provide protection from invading pathogens. |
| Blood Cell Location | arteries, veins, capillaries, spleens, bone marrow, thymus Gland, and heart |
| Blood Group | A B AB O |
| Blood Antigen (RBCs) | A B A,B None |
| Blood Antibody (Plasma) | Anti- B Anti- A Neither Anti- A, Anti- B |
| RH Antigen (Antigen D) | Rhesus Antigen RH factor) is also found on the surface of rbc's of some, means not everyone has this Antigen present. |
| RH Incompatibility | common type of blood Incompatibility disease |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Genetic disorder primarily found in African americans, both parents must have the trait in order to pass on sickle cell disease. rbc's form an "S" or sickle shape. |
| Red Cell Count (RBC) | volume of blood and normal range varies generally between 4.2- 5.9 million cells/ cmm |
| Hernoglobin | HGB+o2 (hemoglobin+oxygen) |
| Carboxyhemoglobin | HGB+co2 (carbon dioxide+hemoglobin) |
| Lukocytes | white blood cells are translucent and circulate through the blood stream and tissue to detect an infection in the body and respond by attacking any unknown organisms that enter, are formed in white bone marrow or thymus gland. average count 5,000-11,000. |
| Anemia | decreased iron levels, decreased hemoglobin production, causes decrease in capacity of RBCs to transport oxygen. |
| Sickle Cell Crisis | extremely low o2 levels requiring blood transfusion |
| Anemia Symptoms | eyes(yellowing), skin(pale,yellow,cold), respiratory(shortness of breath), muscular(weakness), intestinal(changed stool color), central head(fatigue,dizziness,fainting), blood vessel(low blood pressure), heart(heart attack,angling, chest pain),spleen(enla |
| Bone Marrow | found in the center of bones, also produces red blood cells |
| Lymph Nodes | small glands positioned throughout the body, linked by lymphatic vessels |
| Tonsils | small pouches found in and around the throat |
| Neutrophils | help protect body from infections by killing bacteria, fungi, and foreign debris |
| Eosinphils | identify and destroy parasites, cancer cells, and assist basophils with your allergic response |
| Basophils | produces an allergic response like coughing, sneezing, or runny nose. (create histamine, heparin) |
| Monocytes | defend against infection by cleaning up damaged cells |
| Lymphocytes | consist of t-cells, natural killer cells and b cells to protect against viral infections and produce proteins to help fight infection (antibodies). |
| Phagocytes | aggressive wbcs that eat/ingest bacteria etc. |
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