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Unit 1 A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alien | any person not a citizen or national of a country including resident and nonresident, immigrant and nonimmigrant, asylee and refugee, documented and undocumented |
| Citizen | a legal member of a state and/or country possessing all the rights and privileges which can be enjoyed under its government |
| Immigrant | a person who comes to a country to live there permanently |
| Law of Blood | a person's citizenship at birth is the same as that of their biological mother or father |
| Law of Soil | a person's citizenship at birth is determined by the country where they were born |
| Naturalization | the process by which an immigrant becomes a citizen |
| Resident | someone who lives in a place for a minimum period of time |
| Obligation | a requirement or duty, something a person or government has to do |
| Responsibility | something a person should do |
| 14th Amendment | an amendment that defines citizenship and prevents states from denying due process of law and equal protection of the law to citizens (1868) |
| Due Process | the right of people accused of crimes to have laws that treat them fairly, so that they cannot lose their life or freedom without having their legal rights protected |
| Law | a rule established by government or other source of authority to regulate people’s conduct or activities |
| Rule of Law | a principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws; no one is above the law |
| Civil Case | a case involving the rights of citizens |
| Criminal Case | a court case involving a crime, or violation of public order |
| Cross-examination | the follow-up questioning of a witness by the side that did not call the witness to the stand |
| Direct examination | the first questioning of a witness by the side that called the witness to the stand |
| Evidence | an item or information presented during a trial to make the existence of a fact more or less probable |
| Grand Jury | a jury only for criminal cases that does not determine guilt or innocence, but determines whether probable cause and enough evidence exists to say that a crime was committed and that charges should be brought against an individual(s) |
| Judge | a public official who presides over court proceedings and decides questions brought before a court |
| Juror | a member of a jury |
| Jury Summons | the paper sent to a potential juror that requires their attendance in court for possible service on a jury |
| Jury | a sworn body of people convened to hear evidence and render an impartial verdict in a court of law, or to set a penalty or judgment |
| Justice | the ethical, philosophical idea that people are to be treated impartially, fairly, properly, and reasonably by the law and by those that enforce and interpret the law |
| Legal counsel | a person who gives legal advice or guidance to someone on a specific matter, also known as a lawyer, attorney, or public defender |
| Petit Jury | a trial jury for both civil and criminal cases that listens to evidence offered and returns a verdict |
| Plaintiff | a person or party who brings a case against another in a court of law |
| Prosecutor | the state or federal government attorney in a criminal case |
| Defendant | the party being sued or charged with a crime in a criminal or civil action |
| Trial | the formal court process for issues in criminal or civil cases |
| Verdict | the finding or decision of a jury on the matter submitted to it in trial |
| Vior dire | the process through which potential jurors are questioned by either the judge or lawyers to determine their suitability for jury service |
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