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BIO104 - A&P 2 DR. T
BIO104 CH15 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (practice quiz EASY)
| Question | Answer w/ RATIONALES |
|---|---|
| BIO104 CH15 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (GEMINI created EASY Practice Quiz) | |
| What is the primary reason the mucosa of the alimentary canal is modified into folds (rugae) or projections (villi/microvilli)? - A) To increase surface area to efficiently absorb nutrients - B) To produce strong peristaltic waves - C) To secrete serous fluid that lubricates organ exteriors - D) To anchor the alimentary canal to the abdominal wall | A |
| What is the longest organ of the alimentary canal? - A) Esophagus - B) Large intestine - C) Small intestine - D) Stomach | C |
| Which structure serves as the first sphincter (Sphincter #1) of the digestive tract? - A) Lower esophageal sphincter - B) Pyloric sphincter - C) Oral sphincter (orbicularis oris) - D) Ileocecal sphincter | C |
| How many calories per gram do dietary fats provide? - A) 4.1 calories/g - B) 7.0 calories/g - C) 9.5 calories/g - D) 12.0 calories/g | C |
| How many calories per gram do proteins and carbohydrates provide? - A) 4.1 calories/g - B) 9.5 calories/g - C) 2.0 calories/g - D) 15.0 calories/g | A |
| What is the primary function of bile during lipid digestion? - A) Digesting starch into disaccharides - B) Acting as an emulsifier (like a detergent) that spreads fat/lipids thin - C) Converting pepsinogen into pepsin - D) Absorbing Vitamin B12 | B |
| Which parietal cell secretion is required for Vitamin B12 absorption, and what condition does it help prevent? - A) Gastrin; prevents peptic ulcers - B) Intrinsic factor; prevents pernicious anemia - C) Hydrochloric acid; prevents gallstones - D) Pepsin; prevents scurvy | B |
| Which vitamin helps prevent night-blindness by assisting in the formation of visual pigments for the retina? - A) Vitamin A - B) Vitamin C - C) Vitamin D - D) Vitamin K | A |
| Which vitamin is required for collagen production, the most abundant protein that holds the body together? - A) Vitamin A - B) Vitamin C - C) Vitamin D - D) Vitamin K | B |
| Which vitamin stimulates calcium absorption in the small intestine? - A) Vitamin A - B) Vitamin C - C) Vitamin D - D) Vitamin K | C |
| Which sphincter regulates the flow of food from the stomach into the small intestine? - A) Lower esophageal sphincter - B) Pyloric sphincter - C) Ileocecal sphincter - D) Anal sphincter | B |
| Which sphincter sits at the junction between the small intestine and the large intestine? - A) Oral sphincter - B) Pyloric sphincter - C) Ileocecal sphincter - D) Internal anal sphincter | C |
| Which type of muscle forms the voluntary external subdivision of the anal sphincter? - A) Skeletal muscle - B) Smooth muscle - C) Cardiac muscle - D) Visceral muscle | A |
| Which teeth are cone-shaped, arranged as 2 upper and 2 lower (2x2), and adapted to "rip and grip" food? - A) Incisors - B) Canines - C) Molars - D) Bicuspids | B |
| Which teeth consist of 4 upper and 4 lower teeth adapted to "cut and slice" food? - A) Incisors - B) Canines - C) Molars - D) Premolars | A |
| Which teeth are primarily responsible for performing most mastication? - A) Incisors - B) Canines - C) Molars - D) Bicuspids | C |
| What is the hardest substance in the human body? - A) Dentin - B) Bone - C) Enamel - D) Cementum | C |
| What are the physical properties of dentin relative to bone and enamel? - A) Softer than bone - B) Harder than bone, softer than enamel - C) Harder than enamel - D) Made purely of cartilage | B |
| What stomach enzyme begins the chemical digestion of proteins? - A) Amylase - B) Pepsin - C) Lipase - D) Enterokinase | B |
| Mechanical digestion in the stomach reduces food to a pasty mixture called: - A) Bolus - B) Chyme - C) Bile - D) Feces | B |
| What primary acid is secreted by parietal cells in the gastric glands? - A) Intrinsic factor - B) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) - C) Nitric acid - D) Lactic acid | B |
| Which cells of the gastric glands secrete pepsinogen, the inactive precursor to pepsin? - A) Parietal cells - B) Chief cells - C) Mucous neck cells - D) Enteroendocrine cells | B |
| What is the primary role of the liver regarding body toxins? - A) Major storage organ for water - B) Major detoxification organ - C) Primary site of pepsin production - D) Producer of salivary amylase | B |
| In addition to processing nutrients and detoxifying, the liver serves as a screening station for: - A) Pathogens - B) Hormones only - C) Vitamin C - D) Saliva | A |
| What effect does the hormone gastrin have on the stomach? - A) Decreases motility - B) Increases secretions and motility - C) Stops acid production - D) Stores bile | B |
| What dual actions does cholecystokinin (CCK) trigger regarding the gallbladder and pancreas? - A) Relaxes gallbladder and inhibits pancreas - B) Increases gallbladder contraction and increases pancreatic enzyme secretion - C) Decreases bile production | B |
| What substance does secretin stimulate the pancreas to secrete? - A) Hydrochloric acid - B) Bicarbonate ions - C) Pepsinogen - D) Bile salts | B |
| What is the role of pancreatic bicarbonate ions in the duodenum? - A) Acidifying chyme - B) Neutralizing acidic HCl entering from the stomach - C) Emulsifying fats - D) Activating salivary amylase | B |
| What is the primary digestive action of salivary amylase? - A) Begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch to disaccharides - B) Begins protein digestion - C) Emulsifies fats - D) Converts trypsinogen to trypsin | A |
| Which enzyme embedded in the intestinal mucosa converts trypsinogen into active trypsin? - A) Pepsin - B) Enterokinase - C) HCl - D) CCK | B |
| What is another common anatomical name for the large intestine? - A) Small intestine - B) Colon - C) Duodenum - D) Cecum | B |
| The mucosa of the large intestine produces high amounts of which substance to bind feces and provide lubrication? - A) Acid - B) Mucus - C) Bile - D) Pepsin | B |
| What heat unit is used to express the energy value of macronutrients? - A) Grams - B) Calories (kilocalories) - C) Milligrams - D) Liters | B |
| What term describes nutrients that cannot be synthesized by human cells and must be supplied in the diet? - A) Non-essential nutrients - B) Essential nutrients - C) Micronutrients - D) Lipoproteins | B |
| What function does undigested cellulose serve in human digestion? - A) Provides immediate caloric energy - B) Provides bulk (fiber) facilitating intestinal movement - C) Dissolves in stomach acid - D) Converts directly into cholesterol | B |
| Monounsaturated fats from plant oils like olive, peanut, and canola oils fall into which dietary category? - A) Saturated fats - B) Healthiest fats - C) Trans fats - D) Incomplete fats | B |
| Cholesterol is found exclusively in which category of foods? - A) Plant-based foods - B) Animal-based foods - C) Fruits and vegetables - D) Whole grains | B |
| What is the primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)? - A) Deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells - B) Remove cholesterol from tissues and return it to the liver - C) Store triglycerides in adipose tissue - D) Emulsify lipids in the stomach | B |
| What is the primary function of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)? - A) Transport protein to muscles - B) Deliver cholesterol to peripheral tissue cells - C) Remove excess cholesterol from blood - D) Synthesize bile salts | B |
| Why are animal protein sources considered complete (high-quality) proteins? - A) They contain no cholesterol - B) They contain all essential amino acids - C) They provide 9.5 calories per gram - D) They do not require enzymatic digestion | B |
| Why are plant protein sources considered incomplete (low-quality) proteins? - A) They cannot be digested - B) They are missing one or more essential amino acids - C) They contain high amounts of acid - D) They lack fiber | B |
| Under what condition does the body use dietary proteins primarily for energy? - A) After every meal - B) Only during starvation - C) During sleep - D) Before carbohydrates are depleted | B |
| Which vitamin is essential for proper blood clotting? - A) Vitamin A - B) Vitamin C - C) Vitamin D - D) Vitamin K | D |
| What is a primary metabolic role of B-complex vitamins? - A) Cell energetics - B) Collagen synthesis - C) Vision pigment creation - D) Calcium absorption | A |
| What clinical outcome results from a strong peristaltic rush sweeping chyme through the small intestine too quickly? - A) Constipation - B) Diarrhea due to lack of water and electrolyte absorption - C) Increased stomach acid - D) Gallstones | B |
| What is the main organ site of nutrient absorption in the alimentary canal? - A) Stomach - B) Small intestine - C) Large intestine - D) Esophagus | B |
| What is the primary function of the gallbladder? - A) Producing bile - B) Storing and concentrating bile - C) Secreting acid and digestive enzymes - D) Absorbing electrolytes | B |
| What is the primary digestive function of the liver? - A) Producing bile to emulsify fat - B) Storing bile - C) Secreting pancreatic enzymes - D) Absorbing monosaccharides | A |
| Which sphincter is located at the superior opening of the esophagus? - A) Upper esophageal sphincter - B) Lower esophageal sphincter - C) Pyloric sphincter - D) Ileocecal sphincter | A |
| Which sphincter is located at the distal end of the esophagus superior to the stomach? - A) Upper esophageal sphincter - B) Lower esophageal / cardiac sphincter - C) Pyloric sphincter - D) Ileocecal sphincter | B |
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