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BIO104 - A&P 2

BIO104 CH13 - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

QuestionAnswer
BIO104 UNIT 1 CH13: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
A closed circuit that consists of the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Order of blood vessels traveling away from the heart > through tissues > back to heart **A>a>C>v>V= ARTERIES->arterioles-> Capillaries->venules->VEINS
Valves have a 1-way blood flow? T/F T
What is another name for the TRICUSPID VALVE? ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
In images/diagrams, which system/circuit portrays RED veins & BLUE arteries? PULMONARY SYSTEM
____ transport blood AWAY from the heart; ____ transport blood toward the heart; ____ are vessels that run between them. ARTERIES; VEINS; CAPILLARIES
____ circuit transports oxygen-poor blood TO the lungs; picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide PULMONARY (pulmon/o = lungs) **Pulmonary>oxygen-POOR>PICKS UP (all Ps)
____ sends oxygen-rich blood to ALL body cells; drops off oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide SYSTEMIC (system = BODY) **Systemic> SENDS blood>ALL systems/body
Hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump located within the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity, close to the lungs HEART
What is the formula for PULSE PRESSURE and where does it exist?? SYSTOLIC - DIASTOLIC = PP; only exists in ARTERIES
Blood moves pressure from ____ to ____ HIGH; LOW (I think of gravity)
What is the purpose of SEROUS FLUID? PREVENTS FRICTION (lubricates space between visceral and parietal layers of serous membrane, allows organs to move smoothly.
Membranous sac enclosing the heart; consists of 2 portions PERICARDIUM
The outer, most superficial, tough connective tissue of the pericardium. FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
The inner, delicate, double-layered part of the pericardium that consists of 3 portions is: SEROUS PERICARDIUM
What is the deeper, outer layer of the serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium? PARIETAL PERICARDIUM
The deepest inner layer of the serous membrane covers the heart; deepest pericardial layer & most superficial heart layer at the same time. VISCERAL PERICARDIUM/EPICARDIUM
The space located between the visceral and parietal layers containing serous fluid to reduce friction PERICARDIAL CAVITY
(Walls of the heart 1/3) Outermost layer; decreases friction; made of connective tissue and epithelium EPICARDIUM/VISCERAL PERICARDIUM epi = outer
(Walls of the heart 2/3) Middle layer; cardiac muscle; thickest layer; pumps blood out of heart chambers MYOCARDIUM my/o = muscle; M = middle
(Walls of the heart 3/3) Inner/Deepest layer; contains Purkinje fibers; made of connective tissue and epithelium ENDOCARDIUM endo = inner, within, inside
What are the 2 types of chambers in the heart? ATRIA: receive blood returning to heart VENTRICLES: thick-muscled, pump blood out of heart (I think of pumping out like a vent & pumping up to get muscles)
A ____ separates the atrium and ventricle on the right from those on the left. What are the 2 types? SEPTUM; INTERATRIAL & INTERVENTRICULAR
The ____ ensures 1-way flow of blood from the atria --> ventricle. ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVE; Each side of the heart has an AV valve
Which ventricle has a thinner wall because it only pumps blood to the lungs, not the body? RIGHT VENTRICLE
Drains blood from myocardium (coronary circulation) into right atrium. CORONARY SINUS (sinus = drain)
Strong, cord-like fibers that connect the AV valve cusps to the papillary muscles; "heart strings" CHORDAE TENDINEAE
Heart muscles that tighten chordae tendineae during ventricular contraction to keep AV valves from opening backward (prevent backflow). PAPILLARY MUSCLES
____ enter through AV valves. ____ exit through semilunar valves. ATRIA; VENTRICLES
What is the order of the CARDIAC CONDUCTION PATHWAY? SA NODE>AV NODE>BUNDLE OF HIS (AV BUNDLE)> R & L BUNDLE BRANCHES>PURKINJE FIBERS (Start @ SA = both use S) **Start>Await>Bundle>Branch>Pump
Attachments for heart valves and muscle fibers; forces impulse to move through conduction system of heart. SKELETON OF THE HEART Fibrous rings + dense connective tissues in interventricular septum =
____ circuit, perfused by RIGHT ventricle; blood flow between heart and lungs PULMONARY (pulmonary = lungs)
____ circuit, perfused by LEFT ventricle; blood flow between heart and body tissues SYSTEMIC (systemic = body)
2 valves separate ventricles from arteries; prevent backflow into ventricles SEMILUNAR VALVES
(semilunar valve 1/2) Between Left ventricle and aorta; prevents backflow into L ventricle AORTIC VALVE/AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
(semilunar valve 1/2) Between Right ventricle and pulmonary artery; prevents backflow into R ventricle PULMONARY VALVE
When taking a BP, ____: state of (ventricular) contraction of a heart chamber pumping blood out to lungs/body SYSTOLE (top number) S = Squeeze/Shrink
When taking a BP, ____: state of relaxation of a heart chamber filling with blood from aorta DIASTOLE (bottom number) D = Dilate (relax/fill)
The specialized PATHWAY that carries the heart's electrical impulse. CARDIAC CONDUCTION PATHWAY/SYSTEM (SA = Start; AV = Awaits)
The electrical SIGNAL that starts in the SA node and travels through the conduction system to trigger each heartbeat. CARDIAC IMPULSE (impulse = signal)
(Cardiac Conduction Pathway) Electrical impulse starts each heartbeat; referred to as the natural "pacemaker" of the heart; Located in R atrium; SA NODE - SINOATRIAL (SALLY Ate Bundt cake & Burgers Before Pizza)
(Cardiac Conduction Pathway) Receives electrical impulse from SA node & slows impulse before sending it to ventricles. AV NODE - ATRIOVENTRICULAR (Sally ATE Bundt (cake) & Burgers Before Pizza)
(Cardiac Conduction Pathway) Speed picks up from AV node; impulses pass to AV bundle and travel down Interventricular septum AV BUNDLE - BUNDLE OF HIS (Sally At BUNDT (cake) & Burgers Before Pizza)
(Cardiac Conduction Pathway) AV bundle divides into L and R branches under endocardium BUNDLE BRANCHES (Sally Ate Bundt (cake) & BURGERS BEFORE Pizza)
(Cardiac Conduction Pathway) Spreads impulses to ventricular wall and papillary muscles PURKINJE FIBERS (Sally Ate Bundt (cake) & Burgers Before PIZZA)
In order: COMPLETE Path of a CARDIAC IMPULSE SA Node>Atrial Syncytium>Junctional Fibers> AV Node>AV Bundle>Bundle Branches> Purkinje Fibers> Ventricular Syncytium
Recording of electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ECG/EKG
(ECG Components 1/3) The first wave; atrial depolarization; leads to contraction of atria P WAVE
(ECG Components 2/3) Ventricular depolarization; leads to ventricular contraction; repolarization of atria QRS COMPLEX
(ECG Components 3/3) Ventricular repolarization; leads to ventricular relaxation; atrial repolarization (atrial reset) occurs but isn't seen on ECG T WAVE
ECGs show electrical activity and systolic/diastolic pressure. TF FALSE - ECGs only see electrical activity
What do the "Lub" and "Dub" sounds indicate? A. S2 closes; S1 closes B. AV valves close; Semilunar valves close C. Start of diastole; end of systole D. Semilunar valves open; AV valves close B. AV valves close; Semilunar valves close (LUB = LOWER VALVES CLOSE; DUB = DONE PUMPING) (LUB = Ventricular SYSTOLE; DUB = Ventricular DIASTOLE)
What is the term for audible raspy/clicking sounds that imply regurgitation across a valve or stenosis due to valve damage? MURMUR
To prevent valve prolapse/inversion, these 2 structures work together during ventricular contraction. PAPILLARY MUSCLES contract, pulling on CHORDAE TENDINEAE that tighten and prevent inverting of AV valves
(Blood Vessels 1/5) Handle highest pressures; have thickest/strongest walls; HAS THE PULSE (difference between systolic/diastolic pressure - PP=S-D) ARTERIES
(Blood Vessels 2/5) Major resistance (friction) vessel of the body; where BP drops most; less pressure than ateries ARTERIOLES
(Blood Vessels 3/5) Smallest vessels; thinnest wall; squamous epithelium w/ basement membrane; exchange of nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones, etc; tunica interna/tunica intima; connect arterioles to venules CAPILLARIES
(Blood Vessels 4/5) Lower pressure than capillaries; mini veins; connect to larger veins VENULES
(Blood Vessels 5/5) Lowest pressure; largest diameter; acts as blood reservoir; contains most blood volume at any point in time VEINS
Arteries and veins both have valves. T/F FALSE - ONLY VEINS HAVE VALVES FOR 1-WAY FLOW
(Artery Walls 1/3) Innermost endothelial layer; creates smooth surface to prevent clots; secretes biochemicals to prevent platelet aggregation; secretes substances to regulate blood flow TUNICA INTERNA
(Artery Walls 2/3) Thick, middle layer; smooth muscle; allows vasoconstriction and vasodilation TUNICA MEDIA
(Artery Walls 3/3) Outermost connective tissue layer; relatively thin; attaches artery to surrounding tissues TUNICA EXTERNA aka TUNICA ADVENTITIA
One-cell-thick simple squamous epithelial lining; inner lining of blood vessels. ENDOTHELIUM
Exchanges in capillaries: direction of diffusion depends on: CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS
Stroke volume x Heart rate = ____; Directly affects BP; CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
The amount of blood discharged from each ventricle with each contraction is referred to as ____ STROKE VOLUME
Created by: C to the C
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