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Appendicular Muscle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| O: anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5 I: coracoid process of scapula A: draws scapula forward and downward | Pectoralis minor |
| O: by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8 I: entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula A: rotates scapula so that it's inferior angle moves laterally and upward | Serratus anterior |
| O: costal cartilage of rib 1 I: groove on inferior surface of clavicle A: helps stabilize and depress pectoral griddle | Subclavius |
| O: occipital bone and spines of C7 and T1-T12 I: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine) A: stabilizes, raises, retracts, depress, and rotates scapula and/or clavicle | Trapezius |
| O: transverse processes of C1-C4 I: medical border of scapula, superior to the spine A: elevates/adducts scapula | Levator scapulae |
| O: spinous processes of C7 and T1 I: medial border of scapula A: stabilizes scapula; adduct and perform downward rotation of the scapula | Rhomboid minor |
| O: spinous processes of T2-T5 I: medial border of scapula A: stabilizes scapula; adduct and perform downward rotation of the scapula | Rhomboid major |
| O: sternal and inferior portion of clavicle, body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and aponeurosis of external obliques I: fibers converge to insert by a tendon into greater tubercle A: prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; adducts arm | Pectoralis major |
| O: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12 I: spirals around teres major to insert into floor of humerus A: prime mover of arm extension; arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder, depresses scapula | Latissimus dorsi |
| O: clavicle and scapula I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus A: prime mover of arm abduction; flexion/medial rotation of humerus; extension/lateral rotation of humerus | Deltoid |
| O: inferior angle of scapula I: medial lip of intertubercular of humerus A: extend, medially rotates, and adducts humerus | Teres major |
| O: subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: chief medial rotator of humerus | Subscapularis |
| O: supraspinous fossa I: superior part of greater tubercle of humerus A: initiates abduction at shoulder | Supraspinatus |
| O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus A: rotates humerus laterally | Infraspinatus |
| O: lateral border of dorsal scapular surface I: greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion A: rotates humerus laterally; adduction at shoulder | Teres minor |
| O: coracoid process of scapula I: medial surface of humerus shaft A: flexion and adduction of humerus | Coracobrachialis |
| O: top of humerus I: common tendon into olecranon process of ulna A: powerful forearm extensor | Triceps brachii |
| O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: lateral aspect of olecranon process of ulna A: abducts ulna during pronation; synergist in elbow extension | Anconeus |
| O: coracoid process I: common tendon into radial tuberosity A: flexion at elbow and shoulder; supinates forearm | Biceps brachii (short head) |
| O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: common tendon into radial tuberosity A: flexion at elbow and shoulder; supinates forearm | Biceps brachii (long head) |
| O: anterior, distal surface of humerus I: coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint A: major forearm flexor | Brachialis |
| O: lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus I: base of styloid process of radius A: synergist in forearm flexion | Brachioradialis |
| O: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna I: by common tendon into lateral radius, midshaft A: pronates forearm | Pronator teres |
| O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones A: powerful flexor of wrist; abducts hand | Flexor carpi radialis |
| O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: fascia of palm and flexor retinaculum A: weak wrist flexor | Palmaris longus |
| O: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna; shaft of radius I: by four tendons into middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 A: flexion of middle phalanges | Flexor digitorum superficialis |
| O: anteromedial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane I: by four tendons into distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 A: flexes distal interphalangeal joints | Flexor digitorum profundus |
| O: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna I: base of 5th metacarpal A: extends wrist and adducts wrist | Extensor carpi ulnaris |
| O: posterior surface of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane I: base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium A: abducts and extends thumb; abduction at wrist joint | Abductor pollicis longus |
| O: posterior surface of distal ulna; interosseous membrane I: extensor expansion of index finger; joints tendon of extensor digitorum A: extend index finger and assists with wrist extension | Extensor indicis |
| O: ischial spine, pubis I: coccyx and median raphe A: tenses floor of pelvis, supports pelvic organs, flexes coccygeal joints, elevates and retracts anus | Iliococcygeus |
| O: inner margins of pubis I: coccyx and median raphe A: tenses floor of pelvis, supports pelvic organs, flexes coccygeal joints, elevates and retracts anus | Pubococcygeus |
| O: spine of ischium I: sacrum and coccyx A: supports pelvic viscera and coccyx | Coccygeus |
| O: via tendon from coccyx I: encircles anal opening A: closes anal opening | External anal sphincter |
| O: iliac fossa, ala of sacrum I: lesser trochanter of femur A: prime mover in thigh flexion and flexing the trunk | Iliacus |
| O: by fleshy slips from transverse processes, bodies and discs of L1-L5 and T12 I: lesser trochanter of femur A: same actions as iliacus; also lateral flexion of vertebral column | Psoas major |
| O: anterior superior iliac spine I: winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia A: flexes; abducts and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee | Sartorius |
| O: pubis near pubic symphysis I: linea aspera of femur A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh | Adductor longus |
| O: body and inferior ramus of pubis I: linear aspera above adductor longus A: adducts and medially rotates thigh | Adductor brevis |
| O: pectineal line of pubis I: a line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh | Pectineus |
| O: inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus I: medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle A: adducts and medially rotates thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg | Gracilis |
| O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament A: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip | Rectus femoris |
| O: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament A: extends and stabilizes knee | Vastus lateralis |
| O: linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, intertrochanteric line I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament A: extends knee, inferior fibers stabilize patella | Vastus medialis |
| O: anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament A: extend knee | Vastus intermedius |
| O: anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine I: iliotibial tract A: steadies trunk on thigh by making iliotibial tract taut; flexes and abducts thigh; rotates thigh medially; extension and lateral rotation at knee | Tensor fasciae latae |
| O: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium I: by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter A: abducts and medially rotates thigh | Gluteus medius |
| O: lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines I: anterior border of greater trochanter A: abducts and medially rotates thigh | Gluteus minimus |
| O: anterolateral surface of sacrum I: superior border of greater trochanter A: rotates extended thigh laterally; abduction of hip | Piriformis |
| O: lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen I: trochanteric fossa A: rotates extended thigh laterally; abduction of hip | Obturator externus |
| O: lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen I: medial surface of greater trochanter A: rotates extended thigh laterally; abduction of hip | Obturator internus |
| O: ischial spine I: greater trochanter A: rotates extended thigh laterally; abduction of hip | Gemellus superior |
| O: ischial tuberosity I: greater trochanter A: rotates extended thigh laterally; abduction of hip | Gemellus inferior |
| O: ischial tuberosity I: intertrochanteric crest A: rotates thigh laterally, stabilizes hip joint | Quadratus femoris |
| O: ischial tuberosity I: common tendon passes downward and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A: extends thigh and flexes knee; laterally rotates leg | Biceps femoris (long head) |
| O: linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line and distal femur I: common tendon passes downward and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A: extends thigh and flexes knee; laterally rotates leg | Biceps femoris (short head) |
| O: ischial tuberosity I: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft A: extends thigh at hip; flexes knee | Semitendinosus |
| O: ischial tuberosity I: medial condyle of tibia; through oblique ligament to lateral condyle of femur A: extends thigh and flexes knee | Semimembranosus |
| O: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft I: by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metacarpal A: prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot | Tibialis anterior |
| O: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal 3/4 of tibia I: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 A: prime mover of toe 2-5 extension; dorsiflexes foot (at ankle) | Extensor digitorum longus |
| O: anteromedial fibula shaft I: tendon inserts on distal phalanx of big toe A: extends great tow; dorsiflexes at ankle (foot) | Extensor hallucis longus |
| O: head and upper portion of lateral side of fibula I: by long tendon that curves under foot to 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform A: plantar flexes and everts foot | Fibularis longus |
| O: by 2 heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon A: plantar flexes foot when knee if extended; flexion at knee | Gastrocnemius |
| O: extensive cone-shaped origin from superior tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon A: plantar flexes foot; postural muscle when standing | Soleus |
| O: posterior femur above lateral condyle I: via calcaneal tendon A: assist in knee flexion and plantar flexion of foot | Plantaris |
| O: lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus of knee I: proximal tibia A: flexes and rotates leg medially to unlock knee from full extension when flexion begins | Popliteus |
| O: interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula I: navicular; all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals A: prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexion at ankle | Tibialis posterior |
| O: via extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle of humerus and from intermuscular septa I: posterior surface of proximal phalanx of little finger A: Extension at joints of little finger; extension at wrist | Extensor digiti minimi |
Created by:
qclemenz
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