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Anatomy Vocab Ch2
Anatomy Vocab Ch2 Marieb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | can be seen, smelled and felt; is anything that occupies space and has mass` |
| energy | does not take up space; can be measured only by it's affect on matter |
| kinetic energy | constant movement |
| potential energy | stored for future use |
| chemical energy | stored in chemical substances (potential energy) |
| electrical energy | results from the movement of charged particles |
| mechanical energy | directly involved in moving matter |
| radiant energy | travels in waves; the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| elements | substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| periodic table | complete listing of all elements |
| atom | building blocks; incapable of being divided |
| atomic symbol | chemical shorthand term for each element |
| proton | have positive charge |
| neutron | has a neutral charge |
| electrons | has a negative charge |
| plantary model | mini solar system |
| orgibal model | used to predict chemical behavior of atoms |
| atomic number | is equal to the number of protons its atoms contain |
| atomic mass | sum of the masses of all protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus |
| atomic weight | average of the mass number of isotopes |
| isotope | have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons they contain |
| radioisotope | the heavier isotopes of certain atoms, unstable and decompose to become more stable |
| radioactivity | process of spntaneious atomic decay |
| molecules | when two or more atoms combine chemically |
| compound | two or more different atoms bind together forming a molecule |
| electron shell (energy level) | the orbit or fixed regions of space around the nucleus |
| valence shell | atoms outermost shell |
| ionic bond | when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | when positively and negatively charges are not balanced |
| covalent bond | a bond of covalent molecules |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bond fromed when a hydrogen atom is bonded to another hydrogen atom (as in water) |
| synthesis reaction | when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule |
| decomposition reaction | when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, atoms or ions |
| exchange reaction | involve both synthesis and decompositions reactions |
| inorganic compounds | lack carbon and tend to be small simple molecules |
| organic compounds | contain carbon, very large covalently bonded molecules |
| inorganic compounds | water, salt, acids and bases |
| salt | ionic compound |
| water | most abundant inorganic compound |
| electrolytes | all salts, conduct an electrical current in a solution |
| acids (or protein donor) | have a sour taste and can dissolve many metals |
| bases | have a bitter taste, feel slippery and are proton acceptors |
| neutralized reaction | an acid and a base interact |
| pH | based on the number of protons in solution expressed in terms of moles per liter |
| buffer | the acid based balance due to chemical regulation in body fluids |
| carbohydrate (organic compound) | include sugars and starches |
| organic compounds | carbohydrates, proteins, fats |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars |
| glucose | blood sugar |
| disaccharides | double sugars, two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis |
| hydrolysis | when a bond is broken and simple sugars are released |
| polysaccharides | long branching chains of linked simple sugars |
| lipids | fats; triglicerides, phospholipids and steriods |
| triglycerides | |
| matter | can be seen, smelled and felt; is anything that occupies space and has mass` |
| energy | does not take up space; can be measured only by it's affect on matter |
| kinetic energy | constant movement |
| potential energy | stored for future use |
| chemical energy | stored in chemical substances (potential energy) |
| electrical energy | results from the movement of charged particles |
| mechanical energy | directly involved in moving matter |
| radiant energy | travels in waves; the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| elements | substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| periodic table | complete listing of all elements |
| atom | building blocks; incapable of being divided |
| atomic symbol | chemical shorthand term for each element |
| proton | have positive charge |
| neutron | has a neutral charge |
| electrons | has a negative charge |
| plantary model | mini solar system |
| orgibal model | used to predict chemical behavior of atoms |
| atomic number | is equal to the number of protons its atoms contain |
| atomic mass | sum of the masses of all protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus |
| atomic weight | average of the mass number of isotopes |
| isotope | have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons they contain |
| radioisotope | the heavier isotopes of certain atoms, unstable and decompose to become more stable |
| radioactivity | process of spntaneious atomic decay |
| molecules | when two or more atoms combine chemically |
| compound | two or more different atoms bind together forming a molecule |
| electron shell (energy level) | the orbit or fixed regions of space around the nucleus |
| valence shell | atoms outermost shell |
| ionic bond | when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | when positively and negatively charges are not balanced |
| covalent bond | a bond of covalent molecules |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bond fromed when a hydrogen atom is bonded to another hydrogen atom (as in water) |
| synthesis reaction | when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule |
| decomposition reaction | when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, atoms or ions |
| exchange reaction | involve both synthesis and decompositions reactions |
| inorganic compounds | lack carbon and tend to be small simple molecules |
| organic compounds | contain carbon, very large covalently bonded molecules |
| inorganic compounds | water, salt, acids and bases |
| salt | ionic compound |
| water | most abundant inorganic compound |
| electrolytes | all salts, conduct an electrical current in a solution |
| acids (or protein donor) | have a sour taste and can dissolve many metals |
| bases | have a bitter taste, feel slippery and are proton acceptors |
| neutralized reaction | an acid and a base interact |
| pH | based on the number of protons in solution expressed in terms of moles per liter |
| buffer | the acid based balance due to chemical regulation in body fluids |
| carbohydrate (organic compound) | include sugars and starches |
| organic compounds | carbohydrates, proteins, fats |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars |
| glucose | blood sugar |
| disaccharides | double sugars, two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis |
| hydrolysis | when a bond is broken and simple sugars are released |
| polysaccharides | long branching chains of linked simple sugars |
| lipids | fats; triglicerides, phospholipids and steriods |
| triglycerides | neutral fats composed of fatty acids and glycerol |
| trans fat | oils that have been solidified |
| saturated | fatty acid chains with a single covalent bond between carbon atoms |
| unsaturated (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) | fatty acids containing one or more double bond; plant lipid |
| omega3 fatty acids | decrease the risk of heart disease and some inflammatory diseases |
| phospholipids | similar to triglycerides, have two instead of three attached fatty acids |
| steriods | flat molecules made of lydrogen and carbon atoms, fat soluable |
| cholesterol | steriod molecule |
| proteins | over 50% of the organic matter in the body and the most varied functions of the organic molecules |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| fibrous proteins (structural proteins) | important in binding structures together, provide strength in body tissues |
| globular proteins (functional proteins) | spherical molecules do things (antibodies, hormones, enzymes) |
| enzymes | hold molecules in the proper position for chemical interaction |
| nucleic acids | make up the genes, providing the blueprint of life |
| nucleotides | building blocks of the nucleic acids |
| deoxyribonucleic adic (DNA) | the genetic material found whithin the cell nucleus |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by the DNA |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | provides a form of chemical energy that is usable by all body cells |
| adenosine diphisphate (ADP) | accumulates food fuels for the ATP |
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