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Foundation Documents
The foundational documents
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Declaration Of Independence | The 13 colonies severed ties with Great Britain. It asserts that all men are created equal, possessing unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, if the government failed to protect these rights, they can abolish it |
| The Articles Of Confederation And Perpetual Union | The first constitution of the United States, creating a weak central government and a "league of friendship" among 13 sovereign states |
| The Constitution Of The United States | The supreme law of the U.S., establishing a federal government divided into three branches—legislative, executive, and judicial. Like separation of powers, checks and balances, and protections for individual rights |
| Brutus 1 | A key Anti-Federalist paper, warning that it creates an all-powerful national government that will destroy state sovereignty and individual liberty. . It advocates for small, local republics. If big, it can't properly represent the people, |
| Federalist 10 | Argues that because factions are inevitable due to human nature and liberty, the Constitution's large-scale representative government prevents any single faction from gaining majority power and oppressing others. |
| Federalist 51 | Argues that the U.S. Constitution's structure separates powers among three branches (legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent tyranny |
| Federalist 70 | A single, energetic executive (president) is essential for a functional government, rejecting a plural executive. A single leader ensures accountability, quick decision-making, and secrecy, instead of multiple |
| Federalist 78 | Argues for an independent judiciary, life tenure for judges, and the power of judicial review. . Hamilton calls the judiciary the "least dangerous" branch because it has neither the power of the sword (executive) nor the purse (legislative) |
| Letter From Birmingham Jail | Defends the strategy of nonviolent, direct action against segregation, arguing that people have a moral duty to break unjust laws. . Addressing white clergymen who called his protests "untimely," |
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