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Chapter Three Vocab
Vocabulary from chapter three AP Gov. (23)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federalism | A system that divides power between national and state governments |
| Unitary System | A system where the central government has all of the power over sub national governments |
| Confederal System | A system where the sub national governments have most of the power |
| Federal System | A system where power is divided between the national and state governments |
| Enumerated And Expressed Powers | Powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Constitution; also called expressed powers |
| Exclusive Powers | Powers only the national government may exercise |
| Implied Powers | Powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out enumerated powers |
| Commerce Clause | Grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity |
| Necessary And Proper Clause | Grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its Enumerated Powers. Also called the elastic clause |
| Supremacy Clause | Establishes the Constituion and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest laws of the land |
| Tenth Amendment | Reserves powers not delegated to the nation government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism |
| Reserved Powers | Powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people |
| Concurrent Powers | Powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Constitution |
| Full Faith And Credit Clause | Constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Constitutional amendment that gave African American males the right to vote |
| Dual Federalism | A form of American federalism in which the states and the national government operate independently in their own areas of public policy |
| Selective Incorporation | The process through which the Supreme Court applies fundamental rights in the Bill Of Rights to the states on the case-by-case basis |
| Cooperative Federalism | A form of American Federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy |
| Grants-In-Aid | Federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives |
| Fiscal Federalism | The federal governments use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states |
| Unfunded Mandate | Federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding |
| Revenue Sharing | When the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached |
| Devolution | Returning with more authority to state or local governments |
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