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Chapter Two Vocab
Vocabulary from chapter two AP Gov. (32)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Constitution | A document that sets out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institutions of government |
| Republic | A government ruled by representatives of the people |
| Articles Of Confederation And Perpetual Union | A governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the national government, were supreme |
| Unicameral | A one-house legislation |
| Shay's Rebellion | A popular uprising against the government of Massachusetts |
| Constitutional Convention | A meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the Articles of Confederation |
| Writ Of Habeas Corpus | The right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them |
| Bills Of Attainder | When the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial |
| Ex Post Facto Laws | Laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed |
| Virginia Plan | A plan of government calling for a three-branch government with a bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more representation in Congress |
| New Jersey Plan | A plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state |
| Grand Committee | A committee at the Constitutional Convention that worked out the compromise on representation |
| Great (Connecticut) Compromise | An agreement for a plan of government that drew upon both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; it settled issues of state representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives apportioned proportionately + Senate equally |
| Bicameral | A two-house legislature |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | An agreement reached by delegates at the Constitutional Convention that a slave would count as three-fifths of a person in calculating a states representation |
| Compromise On Importation | Congress could not restrict the slave trade until 1808 |
| Checks And Balences | A design of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policy |
| Federalism | The sharing of power between the national governments and the states |
| Expressed Or Enumerated Powers | Authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution |
| Necessary And Proper Or Elastic Clause | Language in Article I, Section 8, granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers |
| Implied Powers | Authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers |
| Executive Branch | The institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch |
| Judicial Branch | The institution responsible for hearing and deciding cases through the federal courts |
| Supremacy Clause | Constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land |
| Amendment | The process by which changes may be made to the Constitution |
| Federalists | Supporters of the proposed Constitution, who called for a strong nation government |
| Anti Federalists | Those opposed to the proposed Constitution, who favored stronger state governments |
| Federalist Papers | A series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published between 1787 and 1788 that lay out the theory behind the Constitution |
| Federalist No.51 | An essay in which Madison argues that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny |
| Faction | A group of self-interest people who use the government to get what they want, trampling the rights of others in the process |
| Federalist No.10 | An essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of factions can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government |
| Brutus No.1 | An Anti Federalist Paper arguing that the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave to much power to the national government |
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