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AP Euro- Ch. 3 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer, first to sail from Europe to India |
| St. Francis Xavier | Spanish missionary who co-founded the Jesuits; considered to have converted the most people since St. Paul. |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered parts of America and Pacific Asia to bring them under Spanish rule. |
| Pizzaro | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas and founded Lima |
| Cartier | the first who described and mapped the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River which he named Canada |
| Manila Galleons | Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. |
| Price Revolution | the high rate of inflation that characterized the period across Western Europe; caused by the large influx of gold and silver from the New World. |
| Fuggers | family of bankers in Europe; members of the mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and venture capitalists. |
| Putting Out System | work was contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who usually completed the work in their own home. |
| Cottage Industry | An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, rather than factory-based; the disadvantage was that the products were different |
| Usury | was the excessive charging of interest on loans |
| Mercantilism | the wealth of a country is based on the amount of precious metals it has; making the country need to increase foreign trade |
| Guild | a group of workers who shared the same interests come together for mutual aid and protection and to maintain craft standards. |
| East India Company | a company that conducted trade with Britain and the East Indies |
| Tariff | a tax on important and/or exported goods. |
| Bourgeoisie | the upper class |
| Hidalgos | a title for a noble |
| Esquires | men from the lower class |
| Junkers | German nobility |
| Robot | Leonardo Da Vinci made one of the first designs for a robot. |
| Cervantes | Spanish writer who wrote plays, novels, and poems, including his novel Don Quixote. |
| Elizabeth I | a Protestant Queen and a politique. |
| Duke of Alva /Alba | a Spanish general and governor who was known for being cruel. |
| Battle of Lepanto | the battle where the Holy League defeated the main fleet of the Ottomans |
| Stadtholder | the substitutes for the feudal lords when they were absent |
| William of Orange | won the English, Scottish, and Irish crowns; also a Protestant |
| Antwerp | the center of the entire international economy |
| Magellan | Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition around the world |
| Peace of Westphalia | Treaty that ended the Thirty Years War |
| Moriscos | a Spanish Moor |
| Henry IV | Holy Roman Emperor and German King; excommunicated twice; dethroned by his sons |
| Council of Trent | Council called together to reform the Catholic doctrine and church |
| Catherine de’Medici | Regent for her son King Charles IX because he was too young to rule as King of France |
| Politique | A person who cared more about politics than religion; indifferent towards religion |
| Edict of Nantes | the law granting religious and civil liberties to the French Protestants |
| Absolutism | The belief that one ruler should have all of the power |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Considered the first prime minister; king’s prime minister; regent of France for the nine-year old King Louis |
| Gustavus Adolphus | Swedish king; founder of the Swedish Empire; called the “Golden King” because he was an example of the perfect king |
| Small Freeholders | a person The Court thought was responsible |
| English Poor Law | a system of poor relief |
| Hereditary Subjection | being forced to work |
| Philip II | ruled one of the world's largest empires which included territories in every continent in Europe. |
| Armada Catolica | the Spanish fleet that sailed against England |
| Defenestration of Prague | An event where several people were thrown out the window; the first time happened at the town hall and the second at the Prague castle |
| St. Bartholomew's Day massacre | An event started by Catherine de Medici; killed 3,000 French Protestants |
Created by:
trincy
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