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pol. participation v
unit 6 gov vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 15th amendment | this provision stated that the right of citizens to vote may not be denied on account of race or color |
| 17th amendment | this provision changed the method of election for US senators from states legislators to popular vote |
| 19th amendment | this provision granted women's suffrage |
| 24th amendment | this provision eliminated the poll taxes |
| 26th amendment | this provision lowered the voting age to 18 |
| prospective voting | voting for a candidate based on campaign promises or and a belief that he or she will bring about positive change |
| retrospective voting | voting for a candidate based in the approval of his or her past actions in office |
| rational choice voting | voting for a candidate based on an individuals best interests, weighing the pros and cons of alternative options |
| party-line voting | voting for a candidate based on party loyalty |
| voter turnout | the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election |
| compulsory voting | requirement that all eligible citizens vote in elections |
| linkage institutions | the means through which peoples concerns and interests become political issues on the governments policy agenda, for example: political parties, interest groups, media, and elections |
| political party | a group of like-minded citizens who organize to win elections, hold office, and determine public policy |
| party platform | a political party's statement of its beliefs, goals, and policy aims for the next four years |
| party convention | a meeting of party delegates every four years , where a party's candidate is officially nominated and thee platform is adopted |
| critical election | an election in which new issues emerge and voters shift party loyalty |
| direct primary | elections that take place from January to june of an election year for the purpose of selecting each party's candidate for the general election |
| open primary | elections in which registered party members and non-members can vote to select a presidential candidate |
| closed primary | elections in which only registered party members can vote |
| caucus | a meeting of party members to select delegates that will back a particular primary candidate |
| general election | elections held to determine which candidate will hold public office |
| mid-term election | elections that take place every other year during which there is no presidential contest |
| incumbency advantage | the benefit of a current office holder has going into an election, due to factors such as name recognition and campaign finance, |
| electorate | the people who are entitled to vote in an election |
| electoral college | the group of 538 individuals who ultimately elect the president of the United States every four years |
| winner-take all system | an electoral system in which all votes are given to the candidate who comes first in their constituency |
| proportional system | an electoral system that awards votes to a candidate as a percentage of the number of votes won in an election |
| political action committee (PAC) | a committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money |
| super PACs | citizens united v. FEC paved the way for these organizations, which are allowed to raise an unlimited amount of funds as long as they do not coordinate directly with candidates |
| hard money | funding given directly to a candidate |
| soft money | funding given to political parties for party activities, as opposed to funding directed towards a specific candidates |
| interest group | an organization of people sharing a common concern or goal that seeks to influence public policy |
| ideological interest group | political organizations that appeal to members based on a coherent set of political convictions or interests |
| free rider | an individual who does not join a group representing his or her interests yet receives the benefit of the groups influence |
| lobbyist | individuals who provide information and pressure legislatures to pass laws that align with a particular agenda |
| grassroots support | a tactic of influencing government officials that involves utilizing large groups of members or the public to make phone calls, send letters, sigh petitions, etc. |
| mass media | popular means of communication to reach a wide audience, such as television, radio, and the internet |
| sound bite | a short radio or video clip lasting approximately 8-10 seconds. |
| horse-race journalism | news coverage that focuses on who is ahead in the polls rather than the issues |
| gatekeeper | the role of the media that can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long |
Created by:
lesley_j
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