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Unit 6 Nervous Syste
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
| somatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | The part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. |
| Sympathetic Division | The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats. |
| parasympathetic division | The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources. |
| Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| Neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| Soma (cell body) | the cell's life support center |
| Dendrite | the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
| Axon | A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. |
| myelin sheath | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage |
| white matter of brain | myelinated axons (inside) |
| gray matter of brain | |
| basal ganglia and cranial nerve nuclei are internal | |
| Astrocyte | type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries |
| Oligodendrocyte | A type of glial cell in the central nervous system that forms myelin sheaths |
| Schwann cell | A type of glial cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. |
| microglial cell | a type of cell that functions as a phagocyte in the nervous system to remove debris left by dead or dying neurons and glia |
| phagocyte | A white blood cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing them and breaking them down |
| ependymal cell | glial cell type in the CNS responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid |
| resting potential | the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse |
| action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
| Depolarization | The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive. |
| Synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| excitatory neurotransmitters | chemicals released from the terminal buttons of a neuron that excite the next neuron into firing |
| inhibitory | slows neuron's firing speed |
| Cerebrum | Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body |
| Cerebellum | A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills, balance and motion. |
| brain stem | Connection to spinal cord. Filters information flow between peripheral nervous system and the rest of the brain. |
Created by:
KellyKirvin
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