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APHY 101 Exam 4b
Ch. 10 Muscles: Locations, Actions, Origins, and Insertions
| Muscle | Location of Belly | Action(s) | Origin Bone(s) | Insertion Bone(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| occipitofrontalis | two bellies: superficial to occipital and frontal bones | raises eyebrows | O: occipital bone and galea aponeurotica | inserts into dermis of facial skin |
| corrugator supercilii | medial to eyebrows ("fleck") | adducts eyebrows into a frown | O: frontal bone | inserts into dermis of facial skin |
| orbicularis oculi | surrounding the eye | closes the eye/winks | O: frontal bone and maxillary bone | inserts into dermis of eyelid |
| zygomaticus major & minor | superior to lateral corner of upper lip | elevates corner of mouth to smile | O: zygomatic bone | inserts into dermis of facial skin |
| buccinator | cheek | compresses cheek as in blowing, NOT chewing | O: maxillary bone and mandible | inserts into the ORBICULARIS ORIS muscle |
| orbicularis oris | surrounding the mouth | puckers and closes the lips as in whistling | O: fascia of facial muscles near the mouth | inserts into dermis of facial skin |
| mentalis | chin | depresses lower lip (as in pouting) | O: mandible | inserts into dermis of facial skin |
| temporalis [MASTICATION] | lateral skull above ear | elevates mandible | O: temporal bone | inserts into mandible |
| masseter [MASTICATION] | posterior cheek anterior to ear | elevates mandible | O: temporal bone | inserts into mandible |
| medial & lateral pterygoid muscles [MASTICATION] | posterior and superior to palate | grinding motion medial and lateral of chewing | O: sphenoid bone on the pterygoid processes | inserts into mandible |
| biceps brachii | anterior arm (brachium) | flexes arm AND forearm | O: 2 origins in scapula | inserts into radial tuberosity |
| brachialis | between bi/tricieps at the anterior inferior arm | flexes forearm as the *prime mover* underneath | O: humerus | inserts into ulna |
| triceps brachii | posterior arm | extends forearm | O: humerus (1 origin) AND scapula (+2 origins) | inserts into olecranon process of ulna |
| brachioradialis | lateral forearm | flexes forearm | O: humerus | inserts into radius |
| deltoid (multipennate) | lateral shoulder | flexes, abducts, and extends arm (self-antagonist) | O: clavicle and scapula | inserts into humerus |
| trapezius | "upper back kite" at posterior neck, shoulders, thoracic spine | extends head, adducts and fixates scapula | O: occipital bone ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 | inserts into clavicle and scapula |
| pectoralis major | "yo, yo muscle" at anterior chest | flexes arm (synergist with deltoid), adducts arm (forward and rotates inward) | O: clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages 1-7 | inserts into humerus |
| latissimus dorsi | "get arrested muscle" and "swimmer's muscle" at back | extends arm, adducts arm | O: T7-S5, iliac crest, ribs 10-12 [converges] | inserts into humerus |
| rhomboid minor & major | deep to trapezius, medial to scapula | adducts and fixates scapula | O: ligamentum nuchae and C7-T5 | inserts into scapula |
| levator scapulae | lateral neck | elevates scapula | O: C1-C4 | inserts into scapula |
| supraspinatus [ROTATOR CUFF] | supraspinous fossa of scapula | abducts arm, stabilizes shoulder joint | O: scapula | inserts into humerus |
| infraspinatus [ROTATOR CUFF] | infraspinous fossa of scapula | *laterally rotates* arm, stabilizes shoulder joint | O: scapula | inserts into humerus |
| teres minor [ROTATOR CUFF] | lateral border of scapula | *laterally rotates* arm, stabilizes shoulder joint | O: scapula | inserts into humerus |
| subscapularis [ROTATOR CUFF] | subscapular fossa of scapula | medially rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint | O: scapula | inserts into humerus |
| sternocleidomastoid | anterior and lateral neck | rotates cervical spine contralaterally; flexes the head (contracting the left turns head to right) | O: sternum and clavicle | inserts into temporal bone |
| rectus abdominus | central abdomen | flexes trunk (has tendinous intersections) | O: pubic symphysis | inserts into xiphoid process of sternum |
| internal & external abdominal obliques | lateral abdomen, superficial layers | rotates waist | -- | -- |
| transversus abdominis | lateral abdomen, deepest layer | compresses abdominal contents | O: iliac crest | inserts into linea alba |
| external intercostals | between ribs | inspiration, elevates ribs | O: rib above | inserts into rib below |
| internal intercostals - during inspiration, intercartilaginous parts aid in elevating ribs and expanding thoracic cage | between ribs | forced expiration | O: rib below | inserts into rib above |
| serratus anterior | "throwing muscle" at lateral thoracic cage | abduct scapula | O: ribs 1-8 | inserts into scapula |
| gluteus maximus | buttock | extends thigh & hip | O: ilium, sacrum, and coccyx | inserts into femur |
| gluteus medius | buttock (more lateral...) | abducts thigh, shifts body weight to grounded lower extremity when on one foot | O: ilium | inserts into femur |
| sartorius | "tailor's muscle" and longest muscle at anterior thigh | crosses legs, flexes hip and knee | O: ilium | inserts into tibia |
| tensor fascia lata | lateral thigh | abducts femur (iliotibial band stabilizes lateral knee) | O: ilium | inserts into tibia |
| QUAD: rectus femoris | anterior thigh (center) | flexes thigh, extends leg | O: ilium | inserts into tibia via patellar ligament |
| QUAD: vastus medialis | anterior medial thigh | extends leg | O: femur | inserts into tibia via patellar ligament |
| QUAD: vastus intermedius | anterior thigh (center, deep to rectus femoris) | extends leg | O: femur | inserts into tibia via patellar ligament |
| QUAD: vastus lateralis | anterior lateral thigh | extends leg | O: femur | inserts into tibia via patellar ligament |
| HAMS: biceps femoris | posterior lateral thigh | extends thigh, flexes leg | O: ischium and femur | inserts at fibula and tibula |
| HAMS: semimembranosus | posterior medial thigh (deep) | extends thigh, flexes leg | O: ischium | inserts at tibia |
| HAMS: semitendinosus | posterior medial thigh (superficial) | extends thigh, flexes leg | O: ischium | inserts at tibia |
| adductor magnus & longus | medial thigh - both deep to gracilis | adducts and medially rotates thigh | O: pubis | inserts at femur |
| gracilis | medial thigh | adducts thigh | O: pubis | inserts at femur and tibia |
| piriformus | buttock, deep to gluteus maximus, superficial and superior to long nerve | laterally rotates thigh (with many other similar muscles) | O: sacrum and ilium | inserts at femur |
| iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major) | iliac fossa of pelvis (at very top of leg model) | flexes thigh when trunk is fixated, flexes trunk when thigh is fixated | O: T12-L5 and ilium | inserts at femur |
| gastrocnemius - triceps surae | medial and lateral calf, posterior leg (superficial) | plantar flexes the foot, flexes the knee - tiptoe | O: femur | inserts at calcaneus via Achille's (calcaneal) tendon |
| soleus - triceps surae | posterior leg (deep) | plantar flexes the foot - tiptoe | O: tibia and fibula | inserts at calcaneus via Achille's (calcaneal) tendon |
| tibialis anterior | anterior leg (medial corner) | dorsiflexes and inverts the foot | O: tibia | inserts at medial cuneiform and metatarsal I |
| peroneus (fibularis) muscles brevis, longus, & tertius | lateral leg | evert the foot | -- | -- |
| splenius capitus | "bandage muscle" at posterior neck | extends the head, rotates the cervical spine ipsilaterally | O: ligamentum nuchae and C7-T6 | inserts at C2-C4, occipital bone, and temporal bone |
| erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis) | back along spine: iliocostalis is lateral and inferior, spinalist is up against spinous processes) | extend and laterally rotate vertebral colulmn (hold the body erect against gravity) | O: inferior spine elements | inserts at superior spine elements |
| flexor carpi radialis | ||||
| palmaris longus | ||||
| flexor carpi ulnaris | ||||
| flexor digitorum superficialis | ||||
| extensor carpi radialis longus | ||||
| extensor carpi radialis brevis | ||||
| extensor digitorum | ||||
| extensor digiti minimi | ||||
| extensor carpi ulnaris |
Created by:
elianayu
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