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Ch. 1 review
intro to anatomy & physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| append- | to hang something: appendicular- pertaining to the upper limbs and lower limbs |
| cardi- | heart: pericardium- membrane that surrounds the heart |
| cerebr- | brain: cerebrum- largest part of the brain |
| cran- | helmet: cranial- pertaining to the part of the skull that surrounds the brain |
| dors- | back: dorsal- position toward the back of the body |
| homeo- | same: homeostasis- maintenance of a stable internal environment |
| -logy | the study of: physiology- study of body functions |
| meta- | change: metabolism- chemical changes in the body |
| nas- | nose: nasal- pertaining to the nose |
| orb- | circle: orbital- pertaining to the portion of the skull that encircles and eye |
| pariet- | wall: parietal membrane- membrane that lines the wall of a cavity |
| pelv- | basin: pelvic cavity- basin shaped cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones |
| peri- | around: pericardial membrane- membrane that surrounds the heart |
| pleur- | rib: pleural membrane- membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage |
| -stasis | standing still: homeostasis- maintenance of a stable environment |
| super- | above: superior- referring to a body part located above another |
| -tomy | cutting: anatomy- study of structure, which often involves cutting or removing body parts |
| blood flow or air moving in and out of the lungs is... | movement down a pressure gradient (from high to low pressure) |
| substances moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration,,, | move down a concentration gradient ( diffusion) |
| cellular differentiation | the process of embryonic cells becoming fated for their various functions |
| membrane receptors | proteins found on a cell membrane that can bind to chemicals such as neurotransmitters and hormones |
| homeostatic mechanisms | any of the control systems that help maintain a normal internal environment in the body |
| feedback loop | an underlying component of the physiological control systems that maintain homeostasis |
| respiration | acquiring energy, most organisms do it by taken in oxygen + giving off carbon dioxide |
| digestion | breaking down food into usable nutrients for absorption into the blood |
| circulation | moving chemicals and cells through the body fluids |
| excretion | removing waste products |
| axial portion | head, neck, and trunk |
| appendicular portion | upper and lower limbs |
| thoracic cavity | space containing organs in the upper trunk |
| spinal cavity | space containing spinal cord |
| abdominopelvic cavity | space between the diaphragm and the pelvic outlet that contains the abdominal and pelvic viscera |
| mediastinum | extends forward to the sternum and backward to the vertebral colomn |
| oral | cavity containing the teeth and tongue |
| nasal | cavity connecting with several air filled sinuses |
| orbital | cavities containing the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves |
| tympanic | cavity containing the middle ear bones |
| integumentary system | includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; protects underlying tissues, help regulate body temp. |
| skeletal system | bones, ligaments, cartilage; provides framework and protective shield for softer tissues, attachments for muscles, |
| nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves sense organs; nerve cells use bioelectrical signals (impulses) in combination with a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) to communicate with each other and muscles and glands |
| endocrine system | includes all of the glands that secrete chemical messengers (hormones) |
| cardiovascular sys | heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, and blood; carries oxygen from lungs and nutrients from the digestive organs to all body cells |
| digestive sys | receive food and breaks down food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed into the internal environment |
| muscular sys | muscles; causes movements and maintains posture + body heat |
| lymphatic system | lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen; return tissue fluid to the blood , carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend against infection |
| respiratory system | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs; intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood |
| urinary sys | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra' removes wastes from blood maintain water + electrolyte balance, store + eliminate urine |
| reproductive system |
Created by:
CYERA1
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