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the brain
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neuron | A specialized cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system. |
| Glial Cells | Support cells that protect neurons, provide nutrients, and maintain homeostasis. |
| Action Potential | A rapid electrical impulse that travels down a neuron’s axon. |
| Synapse | The tiny gap between neurons where neurotransmitters carry signals. |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical messengers (like dopamine or serotonin) that transmit signals between neurons. |
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking, memory, emotion, and voluntary movement. |
| Cerebellum | Controls balance, coordination, and fine motor skills. |
| Brainstem | Controls vital life functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep. |
| Limbic System | A group of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory. |
| Hippocampus | Important for forming new memories and learning. |
| Amygdala | Processes emotions, especially fear and aggression. |
| Thalamus | The brain’s relay station that sends sensory information to the cortex. |
| Hypothalamus | Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormones. |
| Cerebral Cortex | The outer layer of the brain responsible for higher thinking. |
| Parietal Lobe | Processes touch, temperature, and spatial awareness. |
| Temporal Lobe | Involved in hearing, language, and memory. |
| Occipital Lobe | Processes visual information. |
| Neuroplasticity | The brain’s ability to change and adapt based on experience. |
| EEG (Electroencephalogram) | A test that records electrical activity in the brain. |