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Unit 5 Muscular Syst
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Skeletal Muscle | striated and voluntary |
| Smooth Muscle | involuntary muscle found in internal organs, non |
| Cardiac Muscle | involuntary muscle of the heart |
| Fascicle | a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers or conducting vessels in plants. |
| Muscle Fiber | long slender skeletal muscle cells |
| Myofibril | tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers |
| Myofilament | Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosin. |
| Actin | thin filaments |
| Myosin | thick filament |
| Connective Tissue | provides support for your body and connects all its parts |
| Epimysium | a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle. |
| Perimysium | surrounds fascicles |
| Endomysium | surrounds muscle fibers |
| Fascia | a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle |
| Tendon | Connects muscle to bone |
| Sarcolemma | plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
| Sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of a muscle cell |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| Sarcomere | a structural unit of a myofibril in striated muscle, consisting of a dark band and the nearer half of each adjacent pale band. |
| Z Line | end of sarcomere |
| A Band | dark area; extends length of the thick filaments |
| I Band | thin filaments only |
| H Zone | thick filaments only |
| Cross | Bridges |
| Neuromuscular Control | The mind's attempt to teach the body conscious control of a specific movement |
| Neuromuscular Junction | point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell |
| Motor Unit | A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates |
| Motor End Plate | the flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits neural impulses to a muscle |
| Synapse / Synaptic Cleft | Connection site and area of communication between neurons where neurotransmitters are released |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) | A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction |
| Cholinesterase | enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine |
| Action Potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
| Sliding Filament Theory | theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still |
| ATP / ADP | Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed |
| Calcium Ions (Ca²⁺) | Trigger muscle contraction by binding to troponin. |
| Threshold Stimulus | stimulation level that must be exceeded to elicit a nerve impulse or a muscle contraction |
| All | or |
| Muscle Tone | the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible |
| Oxygen Debt | the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose |
| Hypertrophy | increase in muscle size |
| Atrophy | (n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away |
| Muscle Fatigue | Inability of muscle to maintain its strength of contraction or tension; may be related to insufficient oxygen, depletion of glycogen, and/or lactic acid buildup |
| Rigor Mortis | stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death |
| Tetanus | a sustained muscular contraction resulting from a rapid series of nerve impulses |
| Myotonia | a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction |
| Myasthenia Gravis | autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
| Muscular Dystrophy | group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem |
| Botulism | food poisoning |
| Curare | a drug that blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
Created by:
KellyKirvin
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