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AMT Chapter 8
Definitions
| question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the endocrine system | endocrinology |
| a physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system | endocrinologist |
| pain in a gland | adenalgia |
| surgical excision of a gland | adenectomy |
| a tumor of a gland | adenoma |
| a softening of a gland | adenomalacia |
| condition of hardening of a gland | adenosclerosis |
| any disease condition of a gland | adenosis |
| gland known as the master gland of the body | pituitary |
| any condition of the pituitary gland | pituitarism |
| secretes several hormones that are essential for the growth and development of bones, muscles, other organs, sex glands, the thyroid gland, and the adrenal cortex | adenohypophysis |
| hyposecretion of a hormone | dwarfism |
| hypersecretion of a hormone | gigantism |
| an enlargement of the extremities | acromegaly |
| posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes two known hormones antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin | neurohypophysis |
| patient excretes copious amounts of colorless and dilute urine | diabetes insipidus |
| tumor of the pineal body | pinealoma |
| surgical excision of the pineal body | pinealectomy |
| resembling a shield | thyroid |
| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| inflammation of the thyroid gland | thyroiditis |
| downward drooping of the thyroid gland | thyroptosis |
| and condition of abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland | thyrosis |
| a poisonous condition of the thyroid gland | thyrotoxicosis |
| a congenital deficiency in secretion of the thyroid hormones | cretinism |
| a condition of mucus swelling resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland | myxedema |
| pertaining to an abnormal protrusion of the eye | exophthalmic |
| is also known as throcalcitonin and is a thyroid hormone that influences bone and calcium metabolism | calcitonin |
| a nervous syndrome characterized by intermittent tonic spasms that usually involve the extremities | tetany |
| excessive buildup of calcium in the blood | hypercalcemia |
| facilitates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, thereby elevating the blood sugar | glucagon |
| is essential for maintenance of a normal level of blood sugar which is 70-110 mg/100 mL of blood | insulin |
| urine | uria |
| dipsia | thirst |
| mellitus is a disease characterized by excessive discharge of urine, polydipsia, polyphagia | diabetes |
| a condition in which the glucose in the blood is abnormally low | hypoglycemia |
| a condition where there is an excessive amount of insulin in the blood | hyperinsulinism |
| toward the kidney | adrenal |
| surgical excision of the adrenal gland | adrenalectomy |
| any disease of the adrenal gland | adrenopathy |
| pertaining to nourishing or stimulating to the adrenal glands | adrenotopic |
| is a glycocorticoid hormone and it is the principal steroid hormone secreted by the cortex | cortisol |
| is a syndrome of hypersecretion of cortisol | cushing's |
| is the principal mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex | aldosterone |
| hypersecretion of aldosterone may result in a condition known as primary | aldosterone |
| these hormones are essential for the development of the male secondary sex characteristics | testosterone |
| medulla synthesizes, secretes, and stores catecholamines, specifically dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine | adrenal |
| acts to dilate systemic arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac output, and increases urinary output | dopamine |
| promotes the maturation process of T lymphocytes | thymosin |
| is a hormone that influences the production of lymphocyte precursors and aids in their process of becoming T lymphocytes | thymopoietin |
| surgical excision of the thymus gland | thymectomy |
| inflammation of the thymus gland | thymitis |
| a tumor of the thymus gland | thymoma |
| surgical fixation of an enlarged thymus in a new position | thymopexy |
| a medical term pertaing to drowsiness | lethargic |
| a condition of premature old age occurring children | progeria |
| hormones used as supplements or replacement therapy in hypothyroidis, myxedema, and cretinism | thyroid |
| hormones are used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism | antithyroid |
| is used in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes melitus, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus when other regimens are not effective, and ketoacidosis | insulin |
| agents are used to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells in noninsulin-dependent diabetics with some pancreatic function | hypoglycemic |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | ACTH |
| antidiuretic hormone | ADH |
| blood glucose | BG, bG |
| basal metabolic rate | BMR |
| diabetes mellitus | DM |
| diabetes insipidus | DI |
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | IDDM |
| noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | NIDDM |
| parathormone | PTH |
| somatotropin hormone | STH |
| triiodothyronine | T3 |
| thyroxine | T4 |
| vasopressin | VP |
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