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A&P CH1
SPRING SEM 2026 - UMU Dr. Lascola
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Define Anatomy | The study of the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another. aka. What the body is |
| Define Physiology | The study of the functions of the body parts. aka. How the body works |
| List the Levels of Structural Organization | 1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5.Organ System Level 6.Organismal Level |
| Define Interdependence | All cells cannot live or function well without each other functions. |
| List the Necessary Life Functions | 1. Maintain Boundaries 2. Movement 3. Responsiveness 4. Digestion 5. Metabolism 6. Excretion 7. Reproduction 8. Growth |
| List the Main Four Tissues | * Epithelial * Connective * Muscle * Nervous |
| List the Body Systems | 1. Integumentary System 2. Skeletal System 3. Muscular System 4. Lymphatic System 5. Respiratory System 6. Digestive System 7. Nervous System 8. Endocrine System 9. Cardiovascular System 10. Urinary System 11. Male/Female Reproductive System |
| Integumentary System | Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesized vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors, and sweat and oil glands. |
| Skeletal System | Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals. |
| Muscular System | Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expressions. Maintains posture and produces heat. |
| Lymphatic System | Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells(lymphocytes) involves in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body. |
| Respiratory System | Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. These exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs. |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces. |
| Nervous System | As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. |
| Endocrine System | Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism)by body cells. |
| Cardiovascular System | Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and etc. The heart pumps blood. |
| Urinary System | Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance of the blood. |
| Male Reproductive System | Overall function is to create offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female's egg. |
| Female Reproductive System | Overall function is to create offspring. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborns. |
| Chemical Level | Atoms combine to form molecules. |
| Cellular Level | Cells are made up of molecules. |
| Tissue Level | Tissues consist of similar types of cells. |
| Organ Level | Organs are made up of different types of tissues. |
| Organ System Level | Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. |
| Organismal System | The human organism is made up of many organ systems. |
| Epithelial Tissue | |
| Connective Tissue | |
| Muscle Tissue | |
| Nervous Tissue | |
| Maintain Boundaries | |
| Movement | |
| Responsiveness | |
| Digestion | |
| Metabolism | |
| Excretion | |
| Reproduction | |
| Growth | |
| List the Survival Needs | 1. Nutrients 2. Oxygen 3. Water 4. Normal Body Temperature 5. Atmospheric Pressure |
| Define Survival Needs | Appropriate amounts necessary for life. * Too little or too much is harmful |
| Define Homeostasis | |
| List the Homeostasis Cycle | 1. Stimulus 2. Receptor 3. Input 4. Output 5. Response |
| Anatomy Subdivisions | 1. Gross 2. Microscopic 3. Developmental |
| Physiology Subdivisions | Based on organ systems |
| Gross Subdivisions | 1. Regional 2. Systematic 3. Surface |
| Microscopic Subdivisions | 1. Cytology 2. Histology |
| Developmental Subdivisions | 1. Embryology |
| Define Gross (subdivision) | The study of body structures visible to the naked eye. |
| Define Microscopic (subdivision) | The study of body structures not visible to the naked eye. |
| Define Developmental (subdivision) | The study of body structural changes throughout life. |
| Define Regional (subdivision) | The study of body structures by regions. |
| Define Systematic (subdivision) | The study of body structures by systems. |
| Define Surface (subdivision) | The study of body structures by the surface. |
| Define Cytology (subdivision) | The study of body structures through cells. |
| Define Histology (subdivision) | The study of body structures through tissues. |
| Define Embryology (subdivision) | The study of body structures through developmental growth before birth. |
| The 9 Abdominal Regions | 1. Right Hypochondriac 2. Right Lumbar 3. Right Iliac 4. Epigastric 5. Umbilical 6. Hypogastric 7. Left Hypochondriac 8. Left Lumbar 9. Left Iliac |
| Define Negative Feedback | The body's response to change is in opposite direction of stimulus. Attempt to reduce intensity of stimulus. |
| List the Negative Feedback Cycle > Heat | 1. Body temp. rises 2. Receptors (Temperature sensitive cells in skin and brain) * Afferent pathway 3. Control Center (Thermoregulatory center in brain) * Efferent pathway 4. Effectors (Sweat glands) 5. Body temp. falls (Sweat evaporates) |
| Define Positive Feedback | The body's response to the stimulus increases change, enhancing the stimulus in the same "positive" direction. |
| List the Positive Feedback Cycle | 1. Break or tear occurs in blood vessel wall. * Feedback cycle is initiated 2. Platelets adhere to site and release chemicals. 3. Released chemicals attract more platelets. * Cycle ends when plug is formed 4. Platelet plug is fully formed. |
| List the Negative Feedback Cycle > Cold | 1. Body temp. falls 2. Receptors (Temperature sensitive cells in skin and brain) * Afferent pathway 3. Control Center (Thermoregulatory center in brain) * Efferent pathway 4. Effectors (Skeletal muscles) 5. Body temp. rises (Shivering) |
Created by:
nopeitsjustlexi
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