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WEEK 16:
Thoracic wall, pectoral muscles, pleural cavity and lungs in situ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| functions of thoracic cage (4) | protect thoracic and some abdominal viscera, support shoulder girdles and upper limbs, muscle attachment, respiration |
| what makes up the bony framework of the thoracic cage (6) | thoracic vertebrae (posterior), ribs (lateral), intercostal spaces, sternum (anterior), costal cartilages (anterior), and joints |
| superior thoracic aperture/ inlet boundaries (3) | T1 vertebra (posteriorly), 1st ribs (laterally), and superior border of manubrium (anteriorly) |
| inferior thoracic aperture/ outlet boundaries (4) | T12 vertebra (posteriorly), 11/12th ribs (posterolaterally), costal margins (anterolaterally), and xiphisternal joint (anteriorly) |
| sternum made of what (3) | manubrium (at T2-T4, including jugular notch, clavicular notch and sternal angle), body (at T5-T9, including costal notches), and xiphoid process (at T10) |
| manubrium of sternum | at T2-T4 including the jugular notch, clavicular notch and sternal angle |
| body of sternum | located at T5-T9 including costal notches |
| xiphoid process of sternum | located at T10 |
| true ribs | 1-7, attach directly to sternum at costal notches |
| false ribs | 8-10, indirectly attach to cartilage of rib 7 |
| floating ribs | 11-12, do not attach to sternum |
| typical rib | 3-9 - have a head, neck, tubercle, and body (shaft) |
| atypical rib | 1-2 & 10-12 |
| features of processes on thoracic vertebrae | bilateral costal facets (demifacets) on body, costal facets on transverse processes, and long interiorly slanting spinous processes |
| types of rib fractures | 1st rib , middle ribs, lower rib, and flail chest |
| joints related to thorax (8) | intervertebral, costovertebral, costochondral, interchondral, sternocostal, sternoclavicular, sternoclavicular, manubriosternal, and xiphisternal |
| where are intercostal muscle widest | anterolaterally |
| blood supply of thoracic wall | posterior intercostal aa, anterior intercostal aa, internal thoracic aa |
| pleura | thin serous membrane around lungs |
| visceral pleura | covers lung |
| parietal pleura | lines body cavity |
| what do 1st rib fractures cause | brachial plexus injury |
| what do lower rib fractures cause | diaphragmatic hernia |
| flail chest rib fracture meaning | 3 or more adjacent ribs become fractured in multiple places |
| thoracotomy | cutting between ribs and chest wall |
| sternotomy | splitting sternum |
| thoracic outlet syndrome cause | cervical rib |
| intervertebral joints | complex joint |
| costovertebral and interchondral joints | synovial plane joints |
| costochondral joints | synchondroses joint |
| sternocostal joints | synchondrosis & synovial plane joints |
| sternoclavicular joints | saddle-type synovial joint |
| manubriosternal joint | synphysis - secondary cartilaginous joint |
| xiphisternal joint | synchondrosis joint |
| where is subcostal space | below 12th rib |
| endothoracic fascia | outermost membrane of thoracic cavity (extrapleural) separating intercostal spaces, ribs and pleura |
| external intercostal muscles function | elevate ribs during inhalation |
| internal intercostal muscles | depress ribs during exhalation |
| innermost intercostal muscles | helps elevate ribs |
| origin of intercostal muscles | lower border of ribs |
| insertion of intercostal muscles | upper border of rib below |
| innervation of intercostal muscles | intercostal nerves |
| auscultation | listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope |
| pleurisy (pleuritis) | inflammation of pleura |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity |
| pneumothorax | air in pleural cavity |
| hydrothorax | water in pleural cavity |
| hemothorax | blood in pleural cavity |
| chylothorax | lymph in pleural cavity |
| pyothorax | pus in pleural cavity |
| thoracocentesis | pleural tap |
Created by:
kablooey
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