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civil rights vocab
AP gov vocab for civil rights and liberties quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Civil Liberties | constitutional protections against infringement by the government |
| Civil Rights | policies that protect people from arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by the government ensure equal protection of the laws |
| Due Process Clause | 14th amendment clause that protects individuals from infringements by the government has been used to incorporate civil liberties to the states |
| Equal Protection Clause | 14th amendment clause that declares states cannot reasonably discriminate against individuals; has been used to incorporate civil rights |
| Selective Incorporation | the process of gradually applying the Bill of Rights to the states |
| Prior restraint | censorship of a publication before it is printed; typically not allowed under the law |
| Clear-and -present danger test | this standard, set forth in Schneck v. US, declares that speech is not covered by the 1st amendment if it poses a public threat |
| Libel | written expression that is both false and malicious |
| Slander | spoken expression that is both false and malicious |
| Symbolic speech | expressing a political message through an action |
| Free Exercise Clause | First amendment requirement that allows people to practice whatever religion they choose |
| Establishment Clause | First amendment provision that declares the government may not declare a national religion or give preference to on religion over another |
| Miranda Rule | policy that police officers must inform all suspects of their rights before questioning |
| Exclusionary rule | this standard states that evidence gained without a proper warrant may not be used in a criminal trial |
| Double Jeopardy | this provision states that an individual may not be tried for the same crime twice |
| Search Warrant | a court order signed by a judge that authorizes law enforcement to conduct a search of a person, property, or location |
| Probable Cause | reasonable foundation for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion |
| Separate-but-equal doctrine | doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregated facilities may be established for different races and still be considered equal |
| De jure segregation | racial segregation enforced by law |
| De facto segregation | racial segregation that occurs not as a result of the law, but as a result of residential patterns and customs |
| Civil disobedience | opposing a law considered unjust by peacefully disregarding it and accepting the resulting punishment |
| Affirmative Action | positive steps taken by the government to increase minority participation in some institutions by appointing or giving preference to minority-group members |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | law that prohibited segregation in public accommodations and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | law that aimed to limit voting barriers for African Americans, most notably the use of discriminatory literacy tests |
| Title IX | law that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972 that prohibited sex-based discrimination in any educational program or activity receiving federal funding |
| 1st amendment | this constitutional provision protects an individuals right to free speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition |
| 2nd amendment | this constitutional provision protects an individuals right to bear arms |
| 4th amendment | this constitutional provision protects an individuals right against unreasonable searches and seizureas |
| 5th amendment | this constitutional provision protects individuals from incriminating themselves or facing double jeopardy, among other protections regarding legal proceedings |
| 6th amendment | this constitutional provision guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to counsel, an the right to confront and present witnesses, among other legal protections |
| 8th amendment | this constitutional provision protects an individual from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines |
| 14th amendment | this constitutional provision provides a guarantee of citizenship, as well as equal protection and due Process, which have been the sources of incorporation for key protections in the Bill of Rights |
Created by:
lesley_j
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