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ch 9 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Political Parties | coalitions of people who form a united front to win control of government and implement policy |
| Partisanship | identification with or support of a particular party or cause |
| Proportional representation | a multiple-member district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote |
| Plurality system | a type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in the parliament or other representative body, a candidate need only receive the most votes in the election, not necessarily a majority of the votes cast |
| Two-Party System | a political system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to compete effectively for control |
| Political Polarization | the division between the two major parties on most policy issues, with members of each party unified around their party’s positions with little crossover |
| Nomination | the process by which political parties select their candidates for election to public office |
| Primary Elections | elections held to select a party's candidate for the general election |
| Caucus (political) | a normally closed political party business meeting of citizens or lawmakers to select candidates, elect officers, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters |
| Micro-Targeting | a campaign strategy that uses data and demographics to identify the interests of small groups of like-minded individuals and delivered tailored ads or massages designed to influence their voting behavior |
| Party Organization | the formal structure of a political party, including its leadership, election committees, active members, and paid staff |
| National Convention | meeting convened by the RNC or the DNC to nominate official candidates for president and vice president in the upcoming election, establish party rules, and adopt the party's platform |
| Party Platform | a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party, principles and policy positions |
| Party Machines | strong party organizations in late 19th and early 20th century American cities; these machines were led by often corrupt "bosses" who controlled party nominations and patronage |
| Patronage | the resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters |
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