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federal gov final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Politics | =who gets what, when, and how; the process of arranging social order |
| Power | =the ability to get others to do what you want |
| Capitalist economy | =production/distribution controlled by private individuals; free‑market system |
| Authoritarian government | =power rests with the state |
| Anarchy | =absence of government |
| Jus soli | =citizenship by being born on U.S. soil |
| The Great Compromise | =bicameral legislature: House (population based), Senate (equal representation) |
| Naturalization | =legal process of acquiring citizenship if not born with it |
| Political culture | =shared ideas, beliefs, and values about citizens and government (democracy, freedom, equality) |
| Which of the following is not a form of democracy? | =anarchy |
| Three‑fifths compromise | =counted 3/5 of enslaved persons for representation in the House |
| Factions | =groups pursuing self‑interest; Madison warned against them |
| Cooperative federalism | =national and state governments share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas |
| Devolution | =returning power from national government back to states (1990s trend) |
| The Articles of Confederation established what? | =weak central government; no executive; no taxation power; chaotic trade |
| Necessary and proper clause | =Congress can make laws to carry out its powers (“elastic clause”) |
| Virginia Plan (executive) | =single executive chosen by Congress |
| To amend the U.S. Constitution, amendments may be proposed | =by 2/3 of both chambers or 2/3 of states calling a convention |
| Conservative (economic) | =favor limited government in the economy |
| Conservative (social) | =government enforcing traditional values |
| Nullification | =states declaring federal law void within their borders |
| Oligarchy | =rule by a small group |
| Totalitarian | =extreme authoritarianism; government controls all aspects of life |
| Republic | =government where decisions are made through representatives of the people |
| The French and Indian War | =Britain taxed colonies afterward, leading to revolution |
| Virginia Plan (legislature) | =bicameral, population‑based |
| To ratify amendments to the U.S. Constitution | =approved by 3/4 of state legislatures or 3/4 of state conventions |
| Minority leader in the U.S. House of Representatives | =leads opposition party; organizes strategy |
| Executive Office of the President | =supports president; includes OMB, NSC, Council of Economic Advisors |
| Solicitor General | =Justice Department officer who argues government’s cases before the Supreme Court |
| NOT a consideration for Supreme Court nominees | =personal wealth |
| When different versions of a bill pass in House and Senate | =goes to a conference committee |
| Public dislikes Congress for all reasons except | =founders intended Congress to move slowly |
| Characteristic that does NOT determine court jurisdiction | =anything outside federal involvement, parties, location, seriousness |
| Process of removing a president | =House impeachment (majority), Senate conviction (2/3) |
| Substantive law | =laws defining what we can/cannot do |
| Overriding a presidential veto | =requires 2/3 vote in both chambers |
| Marbury v. Madison | =established judicial review |
| Casework | =helping constituents with government problems |
| President as envisioned by framers | =weak, administrative role |
| Two major members of Congress | =House of Representatives and Senate |
| Constitutional requirements for president | =natural‑born citizen, 35 years old, resident for 14 years |
| Factor that does NOT influence Supreme Court review | =public approval |
| Factors affecting presidential approval except | =Supreme Court decisions |
| President pro tempore | =presides over Senate when VP is absent |
| Who confirms presidential appointments? | =Senate |
| Reapportionment | =redistribution of House seats after census |
| Powers of the president | =chief administrator, commander‑in‑chief, foreign policy maker, veto, executive orders, appointments |
| Requirements for the House of Representatives | =25 years old, 7 years citizenship, resident of state |
| Treaties | =require 2/3 Senate approval |
| Going public | =president appeals directly to the public to pressure Congress |
| New Jersey Plan (executive) | =multi‑person executive |
| New Jersey Plan (legislature) | =unicameral, equal representation |
| Democratic government | =power rests with the people |
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