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Anatomy-Organization
Chap. 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Levels of Structural Organization | cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism |
| Integumentary System - Organs | Cutaneous Membranes (Epidermis, Dermis), Hair Follicles (Hair, Sebaceous Glands), Sweat Glands, Nails, Sensory Receptors, Subcutaneous Layer |
| Cutaneous Membranes - Function | Cover surface, protect deeper tissue, nourish epidermis, provide strength, contains glands |
| Hair Follicles - Function | Produce hair, provide some protection from head, Secrete lipid that lubricates hair shaft and epidermis |
| Sweat Glands - Function | Perspiration for evaporative cooling |
| Nails - Function | Protect & stiffen distal tips of digits |
| Sensory Receptors - Function | Provide sensations of touch, pressure, temp, pain |
| Subcutaneous Layer | Store lipids, attaches skin to deeper tissues |
| Skeletal System - Organs | Bones, Cartilage, Joints, Bone Marrow |
| Bones, Cartilage, Bone Marrow - Function | Support, protect soft tissues, bone stores minerals, primary site of blood cell production (red marrow), storage of energy reserves in fat cell (yellow marrow) |
| Muscular System - Organs | Skeletal Muscles, Tendons, Aponeuroses |
| Skeletal Muscles - Function | Provide movement, control entrances to digestive & respiratory systems, exits from digestive & urinary tracts, support skeleton, protect soft tissue |
| Tendons, Aponeuroses - Function | Harness forces of contraction to perform specific tasks |
| Nervous System - Organs | CNS (brain, spinal cord, special senses), PNS (peripheral nervous system); fast acting control system |
| CNS - Function | Controls nervous system, process info, provide short term control over activities of other systems |
| PNS - Function | Links CNS with other systems and with sense organs |
| Endocrine System - Organs | Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Thymus, Adrenal Glands, Kidneys, Pancreas, Gonads (testes & overies) |
| Endocrine System - Function | Slow acting control using hormones |
| Cardiovascular System - Organs | Heart, Blood Vessels (Arteries, Capillaries, Veins), Blood |
| Cardiovascular System - Function | Maintain BP, move blood, transport O2, CO2, Blood cells... to cells, temp regulation, permit diffusion, defense against disease |
| Lymphatic System - Organs | Lymphatic Vessels, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Thymus |
| Lymphatic System - Function | Carry, moniter lymph, stimulate immune response, moniter circulating blood, engulf pathogens - recycle RBCs, controls development of T cells |
| Respiratory System - Organs | Nasal Cavities, Paranasal Sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs (avioli) |
| Respiratory System - Function | Exchange O2 & CO2, activate vitamin D |
| Digestive System - Organs | Mouth, Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Large Intestine |
| Digestive System - Function | Digest food, absorb nutrients, remove waste |
| Urinary System - Organs | Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra |
| Urinary Sytem - Function | filter blood, control BP, remove waste, control RBC production, control fluid levels, control pH, activate vitamin D |
| Male Reproductive System - Organs | Testes, Accessory Organs (epididymis, ductius defferns, seminal vessicles, prostate gland, urethra), Penis, Scrotum |
| Female Reproductive System - Organs | Ovaries, Uterine Tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Clitoris, Labia, Mammary Glands |
| Cranium | Skull or Cranial |
| Facies | Face or Facial |
| Cephalon | Head, Cephalic - includes cranium & facies |
| Oris | mouth, oral |
| Mentis | chin or mental |
| Axilla | armpit, axillary |
| Brachium | arm, brachial |
| Antecubitis | front of elbow |
| Antebrachium | forearm |
| Carpus | wrist |
| Pollex | thumb |
| Phalanges | fingers, digital |
| Patella | kneecap |
| Crus, Crural | leg |
| Tarsus, Tarsal | ankle |
| Phalanges, Phalangeal | toes |
| Hallux | great toe |
| Frons, Frontal | forehead |
| Oculus, Orbital or Ocular | eye |
| Auris, Otic | ear |
| Bucca, Buccal | cheek |
| Nasus | nose |
| Cervicis, Cervical | neck |
| Thoacis, Thorax, Thoracic | Chest |
| Mamma, Mammory | breast |
| Umbilicus | navel |
| Pelvis | Pelvic |
| Manus, Manual | Hand |
| Inguen, Inguinal | Groin |
| Pubis | Pubic |
| Femur, Femoral | Thigh |
| Pes, Pedal | Foot |
| Truck | Thoracis, Mamma, Abdomen, Umbilicus, Pelvis |
| Acromial | Shoulder |
| Dorsum, Dorsal | Back |
| Olecranon, Olecranal | back of elbow |
| Lumbus, Lumbar | Low back |
| Gluteus, Gluteal | Buttock |
| Popliteus | back of knee |
| Sura, Sural | Calf |
| Calcaneus | heel of foot |
| Planta, Plantar | sole of foot |
| Cephalon, Cephalic | head |
| Homeostasis | Internal environment has normal, healthy conditions = good health |
| Negative Feedback | Decrease production - most body systems |
| Positive Feedback | Increase production - ex. blood clotting and childbirth |
| Anterior | Front |
| Ventral | Belly side = anterior |
| Posterior | The back, behind |
| Dorsal | The back = posterior |
| Cranial | Toward the head |
| Cephalic | Toward the head |
| Superior | Above; at a higher level; toward the head |
| Caudal | Toward the tail (coccyx) |
| Inferior | Below; at the lower level; toward the feel |
| Medial | Toward the midline |
| Lateral | Away from the midline |
| Proximal | Toward the attached base |
| Distal | Away from an attached base |
| Superficial | At, near, or relatively close to the body surface |
| Deep | Toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface |
| Transverse, Horizontal, Cross Sectional | Separates into superior and inferior portions ie. MRI, CT Scans |
| Sagittal | Right and Left portions |
| Midsagittal | Separate into EQUAL right and left portions |
| Parasagittal | UNEQUAL right and left portions |
| Frontal, Coronal | Separate anterior and posterior portions of the body. Generally pass through the skull |
| Dorsal (Posterior) Cavity | Protects Nervous System. Contains CRANIAL CAVITY (contains brain) and VERTEBRAL CAVITY (contains spinal cord) |
| Ventral Cavity | Contains Thorasic, abdominal and pelvic cavity. The diaphram separates the thorasic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| Viscera | Organ in the ventral cavity |
| Thorasic Cavity Organs | heart & lung |
| Abdominal Cavity Organs | digestive viscera |
| Pelvic Cavity Organs | bladder, reproductive organs, rectum |
| Inferior Mediastium | Heart |
| Superior Mediastium | Aortic artery, vessels, thymus, esphogus, trachea |
| Abdominal Pelvic Cavity (4 Regions) | Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - Divide RT/LT at Sterum, Superior/Inferior at Umbilicus |
| Abdominopelvic Regions (9 Regions) | Divide RT Clavical, LT Clavical, Sup/Inf: Under Rib Cage & at Umbilicus - RT hypochondriac, epigastric, LT hypochondriac/RT lumbar, umbilical, LT lumbar/RT inguinal or iliac, hypogastric, LT inguinal or iliac |
| Fascia | Sheath or membrane |
| Superficial Fascia | Subcutaneous layer = hypodermis, mostly fat |
| Deep Fascia | The tough capsule that SURROUNDS most organs, incl. kidneys, tendons, ligaments, periosteum (around bone), pericardium, connective sheath around muscles |
| Subserous Fascia | Between serous membrane & deep fascia |
| Aponeurosis | Flat, sheet-like fascia (flat & thin tendon), may connect muscle to muscle or muscle to bone |
Created by:
jap
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