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A&P 1
chap 10/11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Viagra is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction by dilating arteries in the penis. To do so, Viagra affects the neurotransmitter__________. | nitric oxide |
| What occurs during reuptake? | A neurotransmitter that has already been released into the synaptic cleft is taken back into the presynaptic neuron. |
| During the absolute refractory period, a stimulus of high intensity may trigger a nerve impulse. | False |
| What are the two major cell types found in nervous tissue? | Neurons and neuroglia |
| A positive feedback loop occurs when the outcome of an event causes the event to continue occurring and amplifies its effects. Which of the following aspects of an action potential constitutes a positive feedback loop? | An initial flow of sodium ions into the neuron causes the opening of more voltage-gated sodium channels, rapidly causing more sodium to enter |
| Axon branches are called collaterals. | True |
| Which of the following neuroglia are part of the PNS? | Satellite cells |
| A physiologist testing signal transduction rates in two different nerve fibers notices that one fiber conducts signals much faster than the other. Which is the most likely difference between the two? | The faster nerve fiber is myelinated and the slower one is not. |
| What is the correct sequence of events that occurs along an axon after the membrane reaches threshold? | 2, 1, 4, 3 |
| How many axons and/or dendrites can a neuron have? | One axon and many dendrites |
| Dendrites of unipolar neurons are parts of what type of neuron? | Sensory neurons |
| A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function? | No neurotransmitters will be stored or released into the synapse to signal the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Neuroglia are specialized to react to environmental change, and neurons support neuroglia. | False |
| Roughly how long does an excitatory postsynaptic potential last? | 15 milliseconds |
| When is an action potential triggered? | When EPSPs exceeds IPSPs |
| Organize the following list of nervous system elements by their classifications as CNS or PNS elements. | CNS: brain, oligodendrocytes, interneurons PNS: thermoreceptors, satellite cells, motor neurons |
| Where can a receptor that responds to temperature be found? | At the ends of afferent neurons |
| Organize the following list of functions and actions according to the branch of the nervous system that controls each one. | Somatic: walking, looking to the left, picking up a glass Autonomic: heart rate, digestion, vasoconstriction |
| In Guillain-Barre syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve impulse and motor function. | Lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to lose saltatory conduction, resulting in poor muscle function. |
| What is the effect of drugs that inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase? | Increased activity of norepinephrine |
| If a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be__________. | hyperpolarized |
| What is myelin? | Layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. |
| If a neuron's membrane potential measures +25mV, the neuron is__________. | depolarized |
| Axon terminals from several different neurons synapse onto a single neuron. Over the course of the effects of these signals, the postsynaptic membrane potential reaches around -90mV. What is the overall effect on the postsynaptic neuron? | The postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from generating action potentials. |
| Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are__________ | multipolar |
| During a meal, what part of the nervous system stimulates digestive activity and slows heart rate? | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| With a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, where has the blood accumulated? | Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater |
| What is one of the many functions of the hypothalamus? | Regulating body temperature |
| What structure separates the two cerebral hemispheres? | Falx cerebri |
| Which statement describes cerebrospinal fluid? | It maintains a stable ionic concentration in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the sympathetic chain via the white rami. | True |
| Activity in what part of the brain determines the level of alertness or wakefulness in the cerebral cortex? | Reticular formation |
| What is a dermatome? | Region of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve. |
| What type of fibers are found in spinal nerves? | Both motor and sensory neurons |
| What is found within the dural sinuses? | Venous blood |
| The phrenic nerve arise from what nerve plexus? | Cervical plexus |
| Functionally, the adrenal medulla has the same effects on the body as the__________ nervous system. | sympathetic |
| The epineurium is composed of nervous tissue | False |
| Five spinal nerves arise from the cervical region of the spinal cord. Twelve arise from the thoracic region, five arise from the lumbar region, and seven arise from the sacral region. | False |
| During exercise, what part of the nervous system inhibits digestion and increases heart rate? | Sympathetic nervous system |
| What is the significance of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord? | It supplies nerves to the upper limbs. |
| What functional area is located in the postcentral gyrus? | Somatosensory cortex |
| Which term is correctly defined? | Cerebral cortex: a thin layer of gray matter forming the outermost part of the cerebrum |
| The plexuses of the peripheral nervous system are formed by the__________ of spinal nerves. | anterior rami |
| Katryn was in a car accident. Along with other injuries, she injured her neck, damaging her C3 spinal nerves. Considering the dermatome associated with these nerves, she will experience interruption in the sensation from the skin of__________. | her neck |
| What is the correct order for the components of a reflex arc? | Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector |
| What space is located between the cerebrum and the cerebellum | Transverse fissure |
| What is the cauda equina? | Bundle of nervous tissue that extends beyond tip of spinal cord |
| What is the thin meninx attached to the surface of the brain, containing many nerves and blood vessels, called? | Pia mater |
| What would result if the right lateral spinothalamic tract is severed? | Pain impulses from the left side of the body would be blocked. |
| Which of the following neuroglia are part of the PNS? | Satellite cells |
| A certain drug decreases the membrane permeability of nerve fibers to sodium. What would be a possible effect? | A decrease in pain |
| What neurotransmitter is most likely released when a person uses a drug that creates a sense of well-being? | Dopamine |
| In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by__________. | Schwann cells |
| Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from receptor cells into the brain or spinal cord. | False |
| What subdivision of the peripheral nervous system controls skeletal muscle? | Somatic nervous system |
| What part of the brain includes the thalamus and hypothalamus? | Diencephalon |
| After breaking her forearm, Riley lost motor function and feeling in her fourth and fifth phalanges as well as that side of her hand. What nerve has/have been damaged? | Ulnar nerve |
| What is the cauda equina? | Bundle of nervous tissue that extends beyond tip of spinal cord |
| The embryonic forebrain will give rise to what part(s) of the mature brain? | Cerebrum and diencephalon |
Created by:
Bbuck1
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