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AnatomyPracticeExam
Nightingale SCI 220 Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The lungs are located in the | Thoracic cavity |
| 2. Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| 3. An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | Tissue |
| 4. A sagittal section divides the body into portions. | Right and left |
| 5. A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: | Sagittal |
| 6. Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a/an | Organ |
| 7. The neck is as compared to the right shoulder. | Medial |
| 8. The number of abdominal regions is: | Nine |
| 9. When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a/an | tissue |
| 10. A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | front and back |
| 11. The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| 12. In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue |
| 13. Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| 14. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| 15. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | Dehydration synthesis |
| 16. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is | Two |
| alkaline (basic) | |
| Hydrolysis | |
| 19. Which of the following represents properties of water | High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity Answer: All of the above |
| 20. The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism anabolism ATP requirements Answer: All of the above |
| 21. Lysosomes perform autophagy. This means that they: | break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed by "self-eating" |
| 22. Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| 23. The largest human cell, measuring about $150 \text{ µm}$ | female sex cell or ovum |
| 24. Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? | -Acting as receptors -Signal transcdution -Identification of "self" -Answer: All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins |
| 25. The is often called the microtubule organizing center. | Centrosome |
| 26. The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: | |
| 27. Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| 28. Which cell fiber serves as part of our "cellular muscles?" | Microfilaments |
| 29. The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | Microvilli |
| 30. Which of the following is not true about ribosomes? | Surrounded by a membrane structure |
| cardiac | |
| 32. The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | Basement membrane |
| 33. The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the | Hypodermis |
| 34. Which of the following contains osteocytes? | bone |
| 35. Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | Arrector pili muscle |
| 36. Adipose tissue is | a storage tissue |
| 37. The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | Neuron |
| 38. Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | |
| 39. The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix |
| 40. Which of the following is an example of a serous membrane? | -pleura -peritoneum -pericardium -Answer: All of these are examples of a serous membrane -pericardium -Answer: All of these are examples of a serous membrane |
| 41. Where are the smallest bones in the body located? | Ears |
| 42. Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? | Pubis |
| 43. What structures firmly hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position? | ligaments and tendons |
| 44. Which bone is located on the posterior aspect of the skull. | occipital |
| 45. If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | female |
| 46. The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | Sternum |
| 47. Fibrocartilage can be found in the | symphysis pubis |
| 48. Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | Fontanels |
| 49. The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis |
| 50. _______ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. | Collagenous |
| 51. Fascia is a general term for the fibrous connective tissue found under the skin and around muscle | True |
| 52. Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect? | The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow. |
| 53. Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot? | Sartorius |
| 54. Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a/an | Muscle fiber |
| 55. The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the | Opponens pollicis |
| 56. The most common type of lever in the body is a ____ class lever. | Third |
| 57. Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles? | Tripennate |
| 58. In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? | Biceps brachii |
| 59. The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a muscle. | spiral |
| 60. The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominis from the xiphoid process to the pubis. T/F | True |
| 61. Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent and an efferent neuron. |
| 62. Detect changes in the external environment. | Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. Answer: All of the above are true. |
| 63. The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | Somatic nervous system |
| 64. Astrocytes are | both A and C - neurons and blood vessels |
| 65. The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit. T/F | False |
| 66. Which is not true of the myelin sheath? | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| 67. In the human nervous system: | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| 68. The nervous system can be divided: | according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. Answer: in all of the above ways. |
| 69. The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | Astrocytes |
| 70. The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | Skeletal muscles |
| 71. Which of the following is not true? | One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. |
| 72. The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | 90% of the population |
| 73. Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| 74. The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the ___ cranial | tenth |
| 75. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: | Subdural space |
| 76. The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: | limbic system |
| 77. Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| 78. Several "vital centers" are located in the: | Medulla |
| 79. All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | False |
| 80. The sensory cranial nerves include only the: | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. |
| 81. Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? | Fovea centralis |
| 82. Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| 83. Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | Thyroid and parathyroids |
| 84. Membrane attached to the stapes. | Oval window |
| 85. Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA | Zona reticularis |
| 86. Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | Vestibule |
| 87. Receptors for hearing are located in the | Cochlea |
| 88. Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | Cochlear duct |
| 89. Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| 90. Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | Cornea |
| 91. In ________, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses |
| 92. Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves |
| 93. Atria are often called because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | Receiving chambers |
| 94. Which cell has no nucleus | erythocyte |
| 95. _________ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| 96. The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the: | Sinoatrial (SA) node |
| 97. Renal veins drain blood from the | Kidneys |
| 98. After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium |
| 99. Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| 100. All of the following are granulocytes except | Lymphocytes |
| 101. Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | Germinal center |
| 102. An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the nodes. | superficial cubital |
| 103. Hassall corpuscles are part of the: | thymus |
| 104. The cisterna chyli: | originates in the thoracic duct. |
| 105. Adaptive immunity, , part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| 106. Interferon inhibits the spread of: | Viruses |
| 107. Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | Hydrochloric acid |
| 108. Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the: | Small intestine |
| 109. About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the: | Liver |
| 110. The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: | Axillary nodes |
| 111. Which of these structures is not found in the left lung? | Middle lobe |
| 112. Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | Air |
| 113. Anatomically | how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus |
| 114. The total number of lobes in both lungs is: | Five |
| 115. The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: | Nares |
| 116. The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | Alveolar ducts |
| 117. Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? | Ciliated respiratory epithelium |
| 118. Olfactory epithelium is found: | In the superior concha |
| 119. Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | Vestibule |
| 120. The eust tube connects the middle ear with the: | Nasopharynx |
| 121. The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is epithelium. | Simple columnar |
| 122. The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: | Uvula |
| 123. The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | Ileum |
| 124. The hard palate consists of portions of: | Maxillary and palatine bones |
| 125. The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | Papillae |
| 126. Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | Small intestine |
| 127. Bile is secreted by: | Hepatic cells |
| 128. Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called cells. | Kupffer |
| 129. Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids | submandibulars |
| 130. Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? | Sublingual |
| 131. Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | Ureter |
| 132. Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart | approximately goes through the kidneys. |
| 133. The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: | Collecting duct |
| 134. Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? | Urinary bladder |
| 135. The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the: | Ascending limb of the nephron loop (of Henle) |
| 136. Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute? | 1200 mL |
| 137. The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: | Renal pelvis |
| 138. Which of these statements is not true of the kidney? | The hilum is located on the lateral surface of the kidney. |
| 139. vary depending on the level of AHD in the blood. | Collecting ducts |
| 140. The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: | Creatinine |
| 141. **Figure 7.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the supraorbital foramen? | C |
| 142. **Figure 16.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the structure that contains receptors for rotational acceleration. | B |
| 143. **Figure 17.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | C |
| 144. Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | Inotropic factors |
| 145. **Figure 19.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery. | B |
| 146. **Figure 21.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | D |
| 147. **Figure 21.** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and blood. | B |
| 148. **Figure 25.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the female erectile tissue that is homologous to the penis. | A |
| 149. Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone? | Increase in the proportion of body fat |
| 150. The tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures feet in length. | 20 |
| 151. The layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the: | Perimetrium |
| 152. Which of the following is not a supporting structure of the male reproductive system? | Prostate |
| 153. The dense | white |
| 154. Fertilization of an ovum most often occurs in the: | Oviduct |
| 155. **Figure 25.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | B |
| 156. **Figure 25.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | E |
| 157. Each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except: | Urethra |
| 158. **Figure 22.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering | heating |
| 159. **Figure 22.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple." | A |
| 160. **Figure 4.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates microvilli? | B |
| 161. **Figure 23.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the root canal. | C |
| 162. **Figure 24.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx. | C |
| 163. **Figure 12.2** Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions. Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system. | B |
| 164. **Figure 1.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the popliteal region? | B |
| 165. **Figure 21.2** Use this illustration to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks. | C |
| 166. **Figure 18.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes. | C |
| 167. **Figure 5.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation? | B |
| 168. **Figure 25.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | E |
| 169. **Figure 16.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. | F |
| 170. **Figure 2.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? | A |
| 171. **Figure 23.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach. | A |
| 172. **Figure 2.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | C |
| 173. **Figure 13.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex | which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? |
| 174. **Figure 11.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter. | A |
| 175. **Figure 17.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | C |
| 176. **Figure 25.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | B |
| 177. **Figure 15.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus? | B |
| 178. **Figure 4.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells? | A |
| 179. **Figure 11.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba. | B |
| 180. **Figure 20.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size. | C |
| 181. **Figure 12.1** Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell. | E |
| 182. **Figure 17.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels. | E |
| 183. **Figure 21.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | D |
| 184. **Figure 17.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis. | B |
| 185. **Figure 5.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root? | C |
| 186. **Figure 19.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery. | B |
| 187. **Figure 25.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | C |
| 188. **Figure 14.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? | A |
| 189. **Figure 1.1** Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. Which letter indicates the umbilical region? | B |
| 190. **Figure 24.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole. | B |
| 191. **Figure 24.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | C |
| 192. **Figure 11.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris. | C |
| 193. **Figure 18.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin. | D |
| 194. **Figure 22.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust | bacteria |
| 195. **Figure 17.1** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids. | D |
| 196. **Figure 11.3** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid. | A |
| 197. **Figure 12.1** Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill." | B |
| 198. **Question:** **Figure 19.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae | composed of cells from the myocardium. |
| 199. **Figure 23.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct. | D |
| 200. **Figure 24.2** Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta. | D |
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