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MOT150-1
musculoskeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of skeleton | protects body organs & hemopoietic tissue |
| What mineral is stored in bone | calcium |
| What makes up bone matrix | calcium salts |
| What is the name of the tissue that covers joint surfaces where bone meets bone | articular cartilage |
| What is the name of the tissue/membrane that covers the shaft of bones | periosteum |
| Cells in bone matrix that produce are called | osteoblasts |
| Cells in bone matrix that reabsorb are called | osteoclasts |
| What is the hemopoietic tissue inside of the bone | red bone marrow |
| What is it called when cartilage turns to bones | ossification |
| What are the 2 divisions of the axial | axial and appendicular |
| What is the axial made up of | skull, vertebral column and rib cage |
| What is the appendicular made up of | arms, legs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle |
| Without stress bone can lose what | calcium |
| How many vertebrae are there in the thoracic | 12 |
| How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar | 5 |
| How many vertebrae are there in the cervical | 7 |
| How many vertebrae are there in the coccygeal | 4-5 fused to 1 |
| How many vertebrae are there in the sacral | 5 fused to 1 |
| What is the first cervical vertebrae called | atlas |
| What is the second cervical vertebrae called | axis |
| What is the medical word for shoulder blade | scapula |
| What is the medical word for collar bone | clavical |
| What is the medical word for kneecap | patella |
| What is the medical word for shin bone | tibia |
| What is the medical word for breastbone | sternum |
| What are the 3 parts that make up the sternum | manubrium, body of sternum and xiphoid process |
| Which bone of the forearm articulates with the humerus and forms the elbow joint | ulna |
| Which bone in the lower leg articulates with the knee and forms the knee joint | tibia |
| Which bone stabilizes the ankle and allows for muscle attachment | fibula |
| What is the medical word for the tarsal that forms the heelbone | calcaneus |
| What kind of joint has no movement | Synarthrosis joint (ex. skull) |
| What kind of joint has a lot of movement | Diarthrosis joint |
| What kind of joint has little movement | Amphiarthrosis joint (ex. vertebrae) |
| Muscle cells are specialised for what | contraction |
| Two functions of the muscular system are | move skeleton and produce heat |
| Fibers of tendon produce coverage with what membrane to cover muscle | fascia |
| What does antagostic muscle action refer to | opposite |
| What does synergistic muscle action refer to | same |
| What is muscle tone | state of contraction |
| What is isotonic | when there is movement and muscle contraction |
| What is isometric | when there is no movement and some muscle contraction |
| What is muscle sense | Brain knows where muscles are and doing without you looking |
| What is muscle fatigue | lactic acid built up in muscles |
| Two contractile proteins that cause contraction are | myocin and actin |
| Two contractile proteins that stop contraction are | tropnin and tropomyosin |
| An increase in angle of joint is called | Extension |
| A decrease in angle of joint is called | flexion |
| To move closer to midline of body is called | adduction |
| To move away from midline of body is called | abduction |
| What is it called when palms are down | pronation |
| What is it called when palms are up | supination |
| To elevate foot with toes pointing outward is called | dorsiflexion |
| Name the long bones | tibia, ulna, radius, humerus, femur |
| Name the flat bones | ribs, shoulder blade, skull, hip bones, pelvis |
| Name the short bones | carpals and tarsals |
| Name the irregular bones | vertebrae and facial |
| Which bones have compact bone on the outside | all bones |
| Which bones have spongy bone on the inside | all bones |
| Which bones have diaphysis | long bones |
| What is the end of the bones called | epiphysis |
| What is the medical term for growth plates | epiphyseal disc |
| Which kind of bone has yellow marrow | long bone |
| What is an osteocyte | bone cell |
| What is the composition of a long bone | spongy bone and compact bone |
| Bones in an embryo are first made up of what | cartilage |
| Name the vitamins involved in bone growth and formation | A, C and D |
| Name the 3 bones in the ear | malleus, incus and stapes |
| The vertebral column protects what | spinal cord |
| Name the muscles for injection sites | deltoid, gluteus medius and vastus lateralis |
| A break in the radius within 1" of joint of wrist is what kind of fracture | Colles fracture |
| A break in fibula near the ankle joint is what kind of fracture | Potts fracture |
| A break in the bottom of a skull is what kind of fracture | Basal skull fracture |
| In the knee what is the meniscus ligament that is more restrictive and injured faster | medial meniscus |
| What is the name of the ligament on top of knee that usually gets torn with the meniscus | anterior cruciate ligament |
| What does ROM mean | range of motion |
| What is compact bone | made up of haversian system which are cylindrical |
| What is spongy bone | contains osteocytes, bone matrix but not haversian system and oftens contains red bone marrow |
| What is an osteocyte | bone cell which regulates amount of calcium deposited or removed from bone matrix |
| What is bone matrix | made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate |
| Which bones are made of spongy bone covered with compact bone | all bones |
| Which bones consist of a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphysis | long bones |
| Which bones consist of spongy bone and contains red bone marrow | short, flat and irregular |
| Which bones consist of a marrow canal and usually have yellow bone marrow | long bones |
| What is the function of the vertebral column | to connect trunk to head and to protect spinal cord from injury |
| What is the specific instrument used to view inside of a joint | arthroscope |
| Lyme disease is caused by what species | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| What 2 dietary modifications should be advised to paatient with an acute episode of gout | decrease proteins and increase fluids |
| What 2 primary muscular skeletal structures are involved in shin splints | periosteum and extensor muscles |
| What is the medical term for calcaneal or heel spurs | plantar fascitis |
| What bacteria is responsible for 90% of cases of osteomyelitis | Staphylococcus auerus |
| What surgical technique is used to repair two ends of a severed tendon | tenorrhaphy |
| What is gout | disorder of uric acid metabolism |
| What is osteitis deformans | disorder affecting side and shape of bones |
| what is Marfan's syndrome | is inherited, abnormal connective tissue, very long bones |
| What is osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
| What is osteoarthritis | breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of joints |
| What is osteomalacia | defective mineralization of bones of adults |
| What is rickets | when osteomalacia occurs in children & impacts growing skeleton |
| What is hallux valgus | enlargement of 1st MTP joint (inward position of great toe) |
| what is hallus rigidis | degeneration of 1st MTP joint (stiff great toe and may lead to bone spurs) |
| What is adhesive capsulitis | inflammation of capsule surrounding shoulder joint (frozen shoulder) |
| What is a sprain | tear of ligament |
| What is a strain | stretching of tendon, muscle or other tissue |
| What is fibromyalgia | pain with stiffness, tenderness of muscles, tendons and joints |
| What is articular cartilage | covers smooth bone surface at joint end |
| What is synovial membrane | lines joint capsule secreting synovial fluid into cavity (inside) |
| What is synovial fluid | thick, slippery fluid that prevents friction within the cavity as bones move (doesn't allow for heat to build up and reduces friction) |
| What is a bursae | small sacs of synovial fluid between joints and tendons crossing over joints and tendons (gives gliding environment) |
| What is a joint capsule | made of fibrous connection tissue enclosed in joint (encloses joint) |
| To lower foot with toes pointing downwards is called | plantar flexion |
| Which vertebrae are the largest & strongest | Lumbar |
| What is the one bone in the neck called | hyoid |
| How many carpal bones in the wrist | 8 |
| How many tarsal bones in the ankle | 7 |
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