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Axial skeleton
anatomy lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skull | composed of two sets of boes: cranial bones and facial bones. All skull bones except the mandible are joined by immovable interlocking articulations called sutures |
| frontal bone | forms forehead and superior portion of orbit |
| parietal bone | forms a large portion of the lateral and superior aspect of the cranium on each side |
| temporal bone | inferior to parietal bone |
| external auditory meatus | external ear passageway leading to eardrum |
| mastoid process | rounded eminence on the inferior surface, just posterior to the external auditory meatus, serves as attachment site for neck muscles |
| styloid process | slende process extending downward from bottom of temporal bone. Attachment site for throat and neck muscles |
| zygomatic process | slender process extending forward from the temporal bone. Forms part of the zygomatic arch |
| mandibular fossa | oval shaped depression located just anterior to the external auditory meatus. Articulates with a condyle on the lower jaw to form the teporomandibular joint. |
| shenoid | connected to frontal bone anteriorly and temporal bone posterioly. Forms part of the lateral side of the cranium and part of the posterior surface of the orbit |
| occipital bone | forms posterior, inferior portion of the cranium |
| foramen magnum | large hole in infeior surface. serves as a passageway for the spinal cord as it passes through the cranium to connect to the brain |
| occipital condyles | rounded eminences located on each side of the foramen magnum. Articulate with fossae on the first cervical vertebra, the atlas |
| coronal suture | between frontal bone and each parietal bone |
| sagittal | where parietal bones meet at the midline |
| squamosal | junction between inferior border of the parietal bone and superior border of the sphenoid and temporal bones |
| lambdoidal | joins occipital bone to both parietal bones |
| wormian bones | small islets of bone formed within a suture. most commonly found within the lambdoidal suture |
| frontanels | the fetal skull at birth contains unossified membranous areas called frontanels, which allow compression of the skull during delivery. |
| Ethmoid bone | forms a small portion of the anterior cranial floor, roof of the nasal cavity, upper portion of the nasal septum and part of the medial aspect of the orbit |
| crista galli | vertical projectio. serves as point of attachment for the dura matter (outermost membrane covering the brain |
| cribiform plate | lateral to the crista gall. Contains numerous holes for passage of olfactory nerves between the nasal cavity and the brain |
| occipital bone | forms posterior portion of cranial floor. Contains foramen magnum |
| maxilla | upper jaw |
| palatine bones | unite at midline to form posterior 1/3 of hard palate |
| zygomatic bone | cheek bone |
| temporal process | long, slender process of temporal bone that fuses with the maxilla to form the zygomatic arch |
| vomer | forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum. Aticulates with the perpendicular plate superiorly and hard palate inferiorly |
| inferior nasal canchae | scroll shaped plates of bone protruding from lateral, inferior walls of the nasal cavity |
| mandible | lower jaw. |
| hypid bone | horse-shoe shaped bone inferior to the mandible. |
| centrum (body) | load-bearing portion |
| vertebral foramen | large hole in the center for passage of the spinal cord |
| transverse processes | lateral projections. serve as attachment site for muscles |
| spinous process | posterior projection. Serves as attachment for muscles |
| lamina | portion between transverse and spinous process |
| pedicle | portion between centrum and tranverse process |
| superior and inferior articular facets | surfaces where vertebrea articulate with other vertebrae |
| sternum | breastbone. composed of 3 bones fused together: manubrium, gladiolous and xiphoid process |
| sternal extremity | flattened end. articulates with sternum |
| vertebral extremity | end that articulates with thoracic vertebrae |
| head | enlarged terminal portion of the vertebral extremity. articulates with centrum of thoracic vertebrae |
| tubercle | small bump near head. articulates with the costal facet on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebrae |
| neck | portion between head and tubercle |
| costal groove | groove on inner, inferior edge |
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