Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Endocrine
For quiz 1 Path 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glands are | Specialized secretory epithelial cells |
| What is the function of glands | synthesis, store and secrete |
| What are the portals of entry | Hematogenous, direct extension, disturbance of growth |
| Endocrine cells act on ______ cells | distant |
| 1 Hypofunction | Not making enough hormone b/c of direct damage |
| 2 Hypofunction | Not making enough hormone b/c of lack of stimulation |
| 1 Hyperfunction | Too much hormone b/c/ of tumor/hyperplasia |
| 2 Hyperfunction | Too much hormone b/c overstimulated from hormone from other organ |
| Examples of 1 Hypofunction | Organ is destroyed, organ not developed, organ is defective |
| Examples of 2 Hypofunction | If pit gland is destroyed/ not developed-> adrenal gland not developed |
| Examples of 1 Hyperfunction | Functional cortical adenoma of adrenal gland, functional thyroid gland adenoma |
| Examples of 2 Hyperfunction | PG- dependent cushings, adrenal gland overstim by tumor in PG |
| Example of hypersecretion of hormone/ hormone like substance by non-endocrine organ | Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy from PTHrP which is sim to PTH |
| Parts of the Pituitary gland | Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis |
| Parts of the Adenohypophysis | Pars Distalis and Pars intermedia |
| Parts of the Neurohypophysis | Pars Nervosa |
| Two cells in Pars Distalis | Acidophils and Basophils |
| Hormones released from Acidophils | Somatotrophs-> Growth hormone (somatotropin) and Lactotrophs (prolactin) |
| Hormones released from Basophils | Corticotroph->ACTH-> cortisol, Thyrotroph->TSH->T3 and T4, Gonadotroph->FSH and LH |
| What type of function is Diabetes Insipidus | Hypofunction |
| What type of function is central Diabetes Insipidus | if tumor, secondary |
| What type of function is nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | Primary |
| What type of function is somatotroph adenoma? | Primary hyperfunction |
| What is a clin sign of somatotroph adenoma? | Acromegaly and DM in cats |
| What type of function is corticotroph adenoma at pit gland? | Primary hyperfunction |
| What type of function is corticotroph adenoma at adrenal gland? | Secondary hyperfunction |
| What is a clin sign of corticotroph adenoma? | High blood ACTH w/ bilateral symmetric adrenal gland hyperplasia of ZF and ZR + big pit gland. |
| What type of function is Pit gland carcinoma? Why? | Primary hypofunction, because its non-functional |
| What is a clin sign of Pit gland carcinoma? | Central DI |
| PPID pathogenesis | Compression of hypothalamus from pars intermedia adenoma->dysfunction -> intermittent hyperexia, hirsutism, and polyphagia |
| PPID endocrine pathogenesis | Endocrine active -> increase CLIP, MSH and beta endorphins -> Increase iACTH-> bilateral symmetry of adrenal cortical hyperplasia |
| What type of function is PPID? | Secondary hyperfunction |
| Difference between dog cushings and horse cushings | Dog gets alopecia versus horse does not lose winter coat. |
| What type of function is aplasia and prolonged gestion? | Hypofunction |
| What type of function is a functional adrenal gland tumor? | Primary hyperfunction |
| What type of function is Pit cyst/dwarfism | Primary hypofunction |
| Pit cyst/dwarfism pathogenesis | Fail of pars distalis development -> cyst takes up space-> panhypopituitarism-> hyposomatotropism= no GH |
| Parts of the Adrenal cortex | ZG, ZF, ZR |
| What substances are made from the adrenal cortex | ZG- Mineralcort (Aldosterone) , ZF-Glucocort (Cortisol), ZR- Sex hormones |
| What substances are made from the adrenal medulla | Epi and norepi |
| What type of function is Immune mediated adrenalitis | Primary hypofunction |
| What electrolyte changes do you see in Immune mediated adrenalitis | Decreased NA and increased K |
| What type of function is Pit gland damage | Secondary hypoadrenocrticism |
| What type of function is Pit gland damage | Secondary hypoadrenocrticism |
| What is another name for Immune mediated adrenalitis? | Addisons |
| What electrolyte changes do you see in Iatrogenic or Pit gland damage? | Normal Na or K |
| What zones are under ACTH trophism | ZF and ZR |
| What cortical zones are lost in secondary hypoadrenocorticism? | Both ZF and Zr |
| What cortical zones are lost in Primary hypoadrenocorticism? | All |
| What type of function is Pituitary dependent Cushings? | Secondary hyperadrenocorticism |
| What type of function is Adrenal gland dependent Cushings? | Primary hyperadrenocorticism |
| What clinical signs do you see in Pituitary dependent Cushings? | Bilateral adrenal gland hyperplasia |
| Pituitary dependent Cushings pathogenesis | Functional Pit gland tumor-> Increases ACTH -> increased cortisol raised by ACTH ->excess stim-> ZF and ZR hyperplasia |
| What clinical signs do you see in Adrenal Gland dependent Cushings? | Unilateral cortical atrophy due to tumor on the other adrenal gland. |
| Which cortical zones are lost in Adrenal Gland dependent Cushings? | ZF and ZR on normal adrenal gland |
| Adrenal Gland dependent Cushings pathogenesis | Normal ACTH to start->tumor increases cortisol ->trigggering negative feedback->decreased ACTH |
| Cushings Clinical signs | Polyphagia, distended abdomen, bilateral alopecia, steroid hepatomegaly, cutaneous cutis, immunosupression. |
| Cushings Sequela | Poss UTI |
| What type of function is Conn's syndrome | hyperaldosteronism |
| Conn's syndrome pathogenesis | Uni or bilateral adrenal gland tumor on ZG->increased mineralcort secretions |
| Conn's syndrome electrolytes | Increased Na and decreased K |
| What is the most common medullary tumor? | Pheochromocytoma |
| Normal thyroid gland pathway | Follicular cells stim by TSH-> follicular cells become columnar and releases T3 and T4-> negative feedback back to pit gland |
| C cells | Makes calcitonin when hypercalcemic |
| Which animal gets C-cell tumor | Bulls |
| Three types of hypothyroidism | Thyroid tissue loss, goiter, pit gland pars distalis or hypothalamic lesion |
| Hypothyroid hormones | low T3, T4, Iodine intake, hypercholesteremia, Maybe high TSH |
| Hypothyroid clin signs | Artherosclerosis, weight gain, alopecia, hepatomegaly, hepatic lipidosis, |
| Inherited goiter pathogenesis | Inherited autosomal recessive mutation->abnormal pathway-> decreased production of T3 an T4 w/ increase of TSH-> thyroid cells interact with T3 and T4 but there is no iodothyroine production-> follicular cell hyperplasia |
| Acquired goiter pathogenesis | Hyperplasia due to too much or too little iodine. Also goitergenic substances |
| What animal primarily gets hyperthyroidism | Cats |
| Hyperthyroidism pathogenesis | Functional unilateral or bilateral hyperplasia or adenoma ->increased production of T3 and T4, decreased TSH cause of - feedback |
| Hyperthyroid clinical signs | Weight loss, Triangular shaped face, concentric ventricular hypertrophy, tachycardia |
| If dog has thyroid mass | Prob non-functional carcinoma |
| PTH is released when | hypocalcemic |
| PTH electrolytes normal | Increase Calcium and decrease phosphorus |
| Hypoparathyroidism causes | Diffuse lymphocytic parathyroiditis (Immune), non functional neoplasm, iatrogenic removal, atrophy from sustained hypercalcemia |
| Hypoparathyroidism clin signs | hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia -> neuromuscular tetany and excitability and poss seizures |
| If its a primary hyperparathyroidism it will look like? | asymmetrically enlarged glands from tumor |
| If its a Secondary hyperparathyroidism it will look like? | Symmetrically enlarged glands from nutrition or renal |
| What is a nutritional cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism? | Low calcium and high phosphorus |
| What is a renal cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism? | Renal fail -> low D3 and chronic increased phos-> low calcium |
| Causes of pseudohyperparathyroidism? | Carcinoma, lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma, plasma cell myeloma (CLAP) -> secrete PTHrP -> hypercalcemia and normophosphotemia |
Created by:
user-2000257
Popular Pathology sets