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340 Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Toddlers use mostly decontextualized language. True or false? | False |
| Preschool aged children used contextualized and decontextualized language. True or false? | True |
| TOM: Sensitivity to diverse desires | People can have different desires for the same thing |
| TOM: Sensitivity to diverse beliefs | People can have different beliefs about the same situation |
| TOM: Sensitivity to knowledge access | Something can be true but another person may not know it |
| TOM: False belief | Something can be true, but someone else believes something different to be true |
| TOM: Hidden emotion | Someone may feel a certain emotion and display a different one |
| TOM: Sarcasm | Nonliteral language |
| By the end of preschool, a child should have mastered which of the following skills associated with theory of mind? | Sensitivity to knowledge access False belief Sensitivity to diverse desires Sensitivity to diverse beliefs |
| Delay(s) in which of the 5 areas of langauge are likely to result in delays in literacy? Select all that apply. | Phonology |
| Children whose parents read to them develop alphabet knowledge before children whose parents don’t read to them. True or false? | True |
| With regard to alphabet knowledge, by the end of preschool a child should be able to ___. | Be familiar with all letters in name Identity first letter in name Know letters of the alphabet |
| Sensitivity to the sound structure of word is ___? | Phonological awareness |
| Sensitivity to the sound structure of a word is ___? | |
| By the end of the preschool years, a child should have which of the following phonological awareness skills mastered? | Rhyme awareness Phoneme identity Word awareness Syllable awareness Onset awareness |
| By the end of the preschool years, a child should which of the following speech sounds ? | Stops, glides, nasals, and glides |
| Preschool aged children should not be struggling with consonant clusters or multisyllabic words. True or false? | False |
| By the end of the preschool years, the use of most phonological processes should be suppressed. True or false? | True |
| The use of all grammatical morphemes should be mastered by ___ months of age. | 47 months |
| “ I am happy “ is an example of ___? | Independent clause |
| The underlined portion of the sentence below is an example of ___? The girl, on my left, is my friend. | Dependent clause |
| Children begin to use conjunctions around the age of ___? | 3 years old |
| Preschoolers are slow mapping approximately ___ words/day. | 1600 |
| Preschoolers learn new words via ___. | Slow mapping Fast mapping Syntax |
| Semantic categories: deictic terms | Words where use and interpretation are dependent on speaker, listener, and setting |
| Semantic categories : interrogatives | Questions |
| Semantic categories: temporal terms | Order of events |
| Semantic categories: locational prepositions | Spatial relations |
| Semantic categories: kinship terms | Describe family members |
| How many words should a child have by the end of preschool ? | 2100 - 2200 |
| Preschoolers learn the following discourse functions: interpretive, logical, participatory, and organizational. True or false? | True |
| At what age do children begin to develop presupposition? | 4 years |
| At what age do preschoolers begin to use conversational repairs? | 4 years |
| How many turns can a preschooler take in conversation? | 2 + |
| One of the best predictors of lanaguge outcomes and school abilities in preschool is ___? | Narratives |
| SES continues to impact lanaguge outcomes in preschool. True or false? | True |
| Quality of teacher interaction does not affect lanaguge outcomes in preschool. True or false? | False |
| Peers and siblings contribute to lanaguge development in positive ways during preschool. True or false? | True |
| At what age do children make the shift from “learning to read” to “reading to learn”? | 8-10 yrs old |
| Which of the following phonological awareness skills are mastered during preschool? | Syllable awareness Onset awareness Rhyme awareness Phoneme identity Word awareness |
| Which of the following phonological awareness skills are mastered during the school aged years? | Phoneme manipulation Phoneme segmentation Phoneme blending Phoneme counting |
| When are children learning the relationship between graphemes and phonemes? | Birth - K |
| All phonological awareness skills should be mastered by ___ grade? | 2nd grade |
| ___ is associating letters with corresponding sounds in spoken words. | Decoding |
| Children learn decoding during which grades? | K - 1st |
| Children begin to gain knowledge from reading at what grade? | 4th grade |
| Individuals begin to consider multiple viewpoints during ___? | High school |
| Production of all speech sounds should be mastered by ___ years. | 7-8 yrs old |
| A child should be able to accurately produce the different variations of the /s/ morpheme by what age? For example, cups vs dogs. | 5-6 yrs |
| The use of stress and emphasis should be mastered by what age? | 12 yrs old |
| The use of derivational morphemes begins around the age of ___? | 11 yrs old |
| The best way to assess a school age child’s use of complex syntax is through ___? | Persuasive writing |
| School age children learn new words via which of the following modalities ? | Morphological analysis, direct instruction, contextual abstraction |
| Children with good lying skills have better TOM abilities. True or false? | True |
| Narratives should be mastered by the age of __? | 12 yrs old |
| Men have been found to stand further away and make less eye contact during conversations. True or false? | True |
| In the US, the adolescent period is usually considered between the ages of 12-13 and 18-19. True or false? | True |
| Our brain is completely mature by the time we enter the adolescent years. True or false? | False |
| We continue to develop throughout our life, development is just at a slower rate and more gradual after childhood. True or false? | True |
| The incidence of hearing loss does not increase with age. True or false? | False |
| During the adolescent years, individuals make improvements in which of the following syntactic and morphological areas? | Conjunctions & Disjuncts + Noun Phrases |
| The ability to define abstract nouns is fully mastered during which developmental period? | Adulthood |
| The use of conjunction and disjunction is fully mastered during which developmental period? | Adulthood |
| It is not abnormal to begin to have trouble with word retrieval and meaning as we age. True or false? | True |
| After the age of 70, we tend to use more specific words than indefinite words. True or false? | False |
| As we get older, we tend to use more descriptive definitions. True or false? | True |
| We make qualitative and quantitative improvements in semantics as we get older. True or false? | True |
| ___ is the term used to describe styles of speech that we use when communicating in different situations or with different people. | Register |
| The ability to go back and forth between different registers is ___? | Code switching |
| The use of registers and ability to code switch improves in adolescent and adult years. True or false? | True |
| There are not gender differences when it comes to Pragmatics. True or false? | False |
| Increased diversity of communication partners is related to acceptance and self worth in the adolescent years. True or false? | True |
| Women tend to change topic more frequently than men. True or false? | False |
| We are more likely to interrupt a female in conversation than we are a male. True or false? | True |
| Most people in the world learn more than one language. True or false? | True |
| Dialects cannot vary in all five areas of language. Otherwise they would be considered different languages. True or false? | False |
| Another term for cultural diversity is ___? | Multiculturalism |
| ___ is a statement about an individual’s biological attributes. | Race |
| ___ is a statement about behaviors shared by a group of individual. | Culture |
| If English is not a child’s first language , you can expect him/her to produce sounds that are identical or nearly identical to those in their native languages correctly. True or false? | True |
| If English is not a child’s first language , it is normal for sounds that occur only in English to be substituted with phonetically similar sounds from his/her native languages? True or false? | True |
| Time is an example of ___? | Implicit culture |
| Language and culture are separate entities but related. True or false? | True |
| Varieties of a langauge that differed solely in pronunciation are ___ ? | Accents |
| Clothing, food, artifacts used for special occasions are examples of? | Explicit culture |
| Most of our slang comes from standard American English. True or false? | False |
| Print awareness, language development, and phonological awareness are fundamental to academic success. True or false? | True . |
| Children begin to use complex syntax around what age? | 3 years |
| Our articulation and phonology are considered to be fully mastered by the age of ___ years. | 7-8 |
| A theory that posits humans gain knowledge through experience. | Nurture |
| ___ is associating letters with corresponding sounds in spoken words. | Decoding |
| By the end of the preschool years, a child should have which of the following phonological awareness skills mastered? Select all that apply. | Word awareness Syllable awareness Rhyme awareness Onset awareness Phoneme identity |
| Free morphemes can stand alone | True |
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Lexflex
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