Question 1

The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.

Accepted Answer

spiral

Question 2

In the human nervous system:
a.  most of the cells are neurons. 
b.  most of the cells are glia cells. 
c.  there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. 
d.  the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

c. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.

Question 3

Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem.
  True 
  False

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

Which of the following is not true?
 The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra. 
 One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord.

Question 5

Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except:
a.  on the fungiform papillae of the anterior tongue. 
 b. on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. 
 c. on the inner surface of the cheeks.

Accepted Answer

on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue.

Question 6

The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a
  P wave. 
  QRS complex. 
  T wave. 
  E wave.

Accepted Answer

E wave.

Question 7

Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as:

Accepted Answer

hematopoietic stem cells.

Question 8

In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network.

Accepted Answer

vascular anastomoses

Question 9

The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the:

Accepted Answer

lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. 
  lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple.

Question 10

Interferon inhibits the spread of:
  A. viruses. 
  B. bacteria. 
  C. B cell antibodies that attack cancer. 
  D. Both A & B 
  E. Both B & C

Accepted Answer

D. Both A & B

Question 11

The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the:
a.  cricoid cartilage. 
b.  thyroid cartilage. 
c. corniculate cartilage. 
d.  epiglottis.

Accepted Answer

epiglottis.

Question 12

Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects?

Accepted Answer

The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?
  It separates the nasal and cranial cavities. 
  It forms the lateral aspects of the nose. 
  It separates the internal nose from the mouth.

Accepted Answer

It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.

Question 14

The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon.

Accepted Answer

descending

Question 15

The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue.

Accepted Answer

extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin

Question 16

The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the:

Accepted Answer

hepatic flexure.

Question 17

The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:

Accepted Answer

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.

Question 18

Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes?

Accepted Answer

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 19

The nephron loop reabsorbs

Accepted Answer

water. 
  sodium. 
  chloride.

Question 20

The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the

Accepted Answer

external sphincter muscle of the bladder.

Question 21

Crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyces are called

Accepted Answer

kidney stones.

Question 22

_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume.

Accepted Answer

ADH

Question 23

The _____ is a structure important in maintaining blood flow because it secretes rennin when blood pressure to the afferent arteriole drops.

Accepted Answer

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 24

The ureter of each kidney conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the

Accepted Answer

bladder

Question 25

The capillary network that is fitted neatly into the glomerular capsule is the

Accepted Answer

glomerulus

Question 26

the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Accepted Answer

collecting ducts

Question 27

The term that describes an inflammation of the bladder is

Accepted Answer

cystitis

Question 28

The branch of the abdominal aorta that brings blood into each kidney is the

Accepted Answer

renal artery.

Question 29

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

glomerulus

Question 30

an expanded portion of the ureter.

Accepted Answer

renal pelvis

Question 31

Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 32

Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest?Esophagus 
  Duodenum 
  Jejunum 
  Ileum

Accepted Answer

Ileum

Question 33

Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells.

Accepted Answer

Kupffer

Question 34

The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the:

Accepted Answer

mesentery.

Question 35

The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called:

Accepted Answer

papillae

Question 36

Bile is secreted by:

Accepted Answer

hepatic cells.

Question 37

After leaving the stomach, food enters the:

Accepted Answer

small intestine.

Question 38

The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the:

Accepted Answer

uvula

Question 39

Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver?
  Right lobe 
  Medial lobe 
  Left lobe 
  Caudate lobe 
  Quadrate lobe

Accepted Answer

Medial lobe

Question 40

The most essential part of bile is:

Accepted Answer

bile salts.

Question 41

Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva?

Accepted Answer

Sublinguals

Question 42

The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:

Accepted Answer

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.

Question 43

An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep:

Accepted Answer

serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa.

Question 44

The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is:

Accepted Answer

cementum

Question 45

Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

cholecystectomy

Question 46

The hard palate consists of portions of:

Accepted Answer

four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.

Question 47

The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

simple columnar

Question 48

Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion?

Accepted Answer

Esophagus

Question 49

All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the:
  tongue. 
  mouth. 
  liver. 
  pancreas.

Accepted Answer

mouth.

Question 50

Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds?

Accepted Answer

Filiform

Question 51

Microvilli can be found in the:

Accepted Answer

small intestine. 
  large intestine.

Question 52

A barium enema study is used to detect and locate:

Accepted Answer

polyps. 
  tumors. 
  diverticula

Question 53

Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day?

Accepted Answer

1 liter

Question 54

The vibrissae function as

Accepted Answer

filters

Question 55

Gas exchange occurs only in the

Accepted Answer

alveoli

Question 56

The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the

Accepted Answer

lower respiratory tract.

Question 57

During respiration, the thorax

Accepted Answer

becomes larger when the chest is raised.

Question 58

The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing

Accepted Answer

surfactant.

Question 59

If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order?

Accepted Answer

anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares

Question 60

The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the

Accepted Answer

cribriform plate.

Question 61

The air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity are called

Accepted Answer

paranasal sinuses.

Question 62

An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called

Accepted Answer

pneumonia.

Question 63

The microscopic cilia function to

Accepted Answer

move mucus toward the pharynx.

Question 64

A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is

Accepted Answer

acute bronchitis.


The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	spiral
In the human nervous system: a. most of the cells are neurons. b. most of the cells are glia cells. c. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. d. the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system.	c. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. True False	False
Which of the following is not true? The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra. One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord.	One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord.
Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except: a. on the fungiform papillae of the anterior tongue. b. on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. c. on the inner surface of the cheeks.	on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue.
The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a P wave. QRS complex. T wave. E wave.	E wave.
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as:	hematopoietic stem cells.
In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network.	vascular anastomoses
The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the:	lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple.
Interferon inhibits the spread of: A. viruses. B. bacteria. C. B cell antibodies that attack cancer. D. Both A & B E. Both B & C	D. Both A & B
The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: a. cricoid cartilage. b. thyroid cartilage. c. corniculate cartilage. d. epiglottis.	epiglottis.
Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects?	The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus.
Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate? It separates the nasal and cranial cavities. It forms the lateral aspects of the nose. It separates the internal nose from the mouth.	It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.
The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon.	descending
The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue.	extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin
The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the:	hepatic flexure.
The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:	ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes?	filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
The nephron loop reabsorbs	water. sodium. chloride.
The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the	external sphincter muscle of the bladder.
Crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyces are called	kidney stones.
_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume.	ADH
The _____ is a structure important in maintaining blood flow because it secretes rennin when blood pressure to the afferent arteriole drops.	juxtaglomerular apparatus
The ureter of each kidney conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the	bladder
The capillary network that is fitted neatly into the glomerular capsule is the	glomerulus
the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH).	collecting ducts
The term that describes an inflammation of the bladder is	cystitis
The branch of the abdominal aorta that brings blood into each kidney is the	renal artery.
Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.	glomerulus
an expanded portion of the ureter.	renal pelvis
Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption?	Small intestine
Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest?Esophagus Duodenum Jejunum Ileum	Ileum
Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells.	Kupffer
The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the:	mesentery.
The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called:	papillae
Bile is secreted by:	hepatic cells.
After leaving the stomach, food enters the:	small intestine.
The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the:	uvula
Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? Right lobe Medial lobe Left lobe Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe	Medial lobe
The most essential part of bile is:	bile salts.
Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva?	Sublinguals
The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:	ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep:	serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa.
The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is:	cementum
Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as:	cholecystectomy
The hard palate consists of portions of:	four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.
The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium.	simple columnar
Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion?	Esophagus
All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: tongue. mouth. liver. pancreas.	mouth.
Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds?	Filiform
Microvilli can be found in the:	small intestine. large intestine.
A barium enema study is used to detect and locate:	polyps. tumors. diverticula
Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day?	1 liter
The vibrissae function as	filters
Gas exchange occurs only in the	alveoli
The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the	lower respiratory tract.
During respiration, the thorax	becomes larger when the chest is raised.
The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing	surfactant.
If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order?	anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares
The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the	cribriform plate.
The air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity are called	paranasal sinuses.
An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called	pneumonia.
The microscopic cilia function to	move mucus toward the pharynx.
A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is	acute bronchitis.
Which organ consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components?	larynx
The trachea divides at its lower end into two	primary bronchi.
The _____ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity.	costal surface
The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: larynx. trachea. oropharynx. nasopharynx.	trachea.
The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the:	cricoid cartilage.
The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:	nostrils. anterior nares. external nares.
Olfactory epithelium is found:	covering the superior turbinate.
Which of these structures is not found in the left lung? Oblique fissure Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe Horizontal fissure	Horizontal fissure
Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?	Vestibule
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:	maxillary
Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects?	The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus.
The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the: left pleural cavity. right pleural cavity. respiratory cavity. mediastinum.	respiratory cavity.
The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:	bronchioles
Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? Oral cavity Trachea Rib cage Diaphragm	Trachea
Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?	It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.
The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called:	conchae
The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:	septum
The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium.	pseudostratified columnar
In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:	horizontal fissure.
Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?	They serve in voice production.
The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the:	oropharynx
The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the:	oropharynx
The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the:	nasopharynx
The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the:	thyroid cartilage.
Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:	air
The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm.	11
Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?	Ciliated respiratory mucosa
An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _____ nodes.	superficial cubital
Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a	germinal center.
Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics:	have thinner walls. contain more valves. contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course.
Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called	tonsils
The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called:	nonspecific immunity.
About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the:	liver. small intestine
Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the:	small intestine.
The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the _____ tonsils.	pharyngeal
Antibodies are proteins of the family called	immunoglobulins
Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the	lymphocyte
The cisterna chyli:	originates in the thoracic duct.
Hassall corpuscles are part of the:	thymus
Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the:	subclavian veins.
The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the _____ lymph nodes.	supratrochlear
Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function?	Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following is a true statement?	Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct.
Lacteals:	are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. are able to absorb fat from the digestive system.
The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _____ percentage of _____ in lymph and interstitial fluid.	lower; proteins
The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the	thymus
The spleen is located in the _____ region.	left hypochondriac
The size of lymph nodes varies from _____ mm to more than _____ mm in diameter.	1; 20
A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n)	monocyte
During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body.	thymocytes
Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity.	cell-mediated
Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of	vasodilation
Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called	inotropic factors.
Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart?	aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors
The vagus is said to act as a “brake” on the heart. This situation is called	vagal inhibition.
The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the	SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers.
Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta?	elastic arteries
Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes?	Erythrocyte
The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is	hemoglobin
From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood?	coronary arteries
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the	pelvis.
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as:	hematopoietic stem cells.
The structural components of the circulatory system include the:	heart and blood vessels.
Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called	valves
The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica	adventitia
The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the	SA node.
The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the	endothelium
The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called	semilunar valves
Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children.	calcitonin
Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?	thyroid and parathyroids
The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the	facial
Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers.	cornea
Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?	the fovea centralis
Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.	thyroid gland
Endolymph is made	in the stria vascularis.
The basilar membrane supports the	spiral organ.
Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.	glucocorticoids
Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.	beta cells
Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid.	conjunctiva
Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.	cochlear duct
Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.	thymus gland
The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the	infundibulum
Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.	adenohypophysis
The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as	infundibulum
Receptors for hearing are located in the	cochlear duct.
describe the spiral organ of Corti?	The "hairs" of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membraneHigh-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the basal end of the basilar membranepart of the cochlear duct, which equals the scala media.
Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells.	tectorial membrane
Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.	zona reticularis
Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye.	vitreous humor
Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?	iodine
Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule.	vestibule
Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?	the thyroid
The hormone produced by the heart	increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.
Membrane attached to the stapes.	oval window
Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic.	choroid

Regilyn Balliao

Anatomy Weeks 6-13

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