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Anatomy Week 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between axial and appendicular muscles? | Axial muscles attach to the skulls, vertebral column, and thorax (posture, head, trunk). Appendicular muscles move the limbs and girdles. Mnemonics: Axis= core, Appendicular= arms & legs |
| Which major muscles are used for facial expressions? | Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus. Mnemonics: FOOZ for face |
| What are the primary muscles of mastication (chewing)? | Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid Mnemonic: Master Took My Lunch |
| What are the main parts of neuron in order of impulse flow? | Dendrites---cell body (soma)---axon Mnemonics: DSA: Dendrites Sees, Axon Sends |
| What's the difference between sensory and motor neurons? | Sensory (afferent) carry info to CNS; Motor (efferent) carry info away to effectors |
| What is the role of neuroglia (glial cells)? | Support, protect, and nourish neurons; they do not induct impulses. |
| What are the four main lobes of each hemisphere? | Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Mnemonics: Front-POT |
| Main functions of the frontal lobe? | Voluntary motor control, speech (Broca), personality, planning. |
| Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous systems? | Somatic- voluntary control of skeletal muscles Autonomic- involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands Mnemonic: Somatic=Skeletal; Autonomic=Automatic |
| What are two main divisions of the ANS? | Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. |
| Difference between rods and cones in the retina? | Rods= dim light, no color Cones=bright light, color, sharp vision |
| Which structures are mainly responsible for balance? | Semicircular canals and vestibule in inner ear. |
| Conduction system of the heart in order? | SA node---AV node---AV bundle (bundle of His)---bundle branches---Purkinjie fibers. Mnemonics: Start A Big Bundle Party |
| What are the main components of blood? | Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets |
| What are the primary lymphoid organs? | Red bone marrow and thymus. |
| Role of lymph nodes? | Filter lymph and house immune cells that attack pathogens. |
| Difference between innate and adaptive immunity? | Innate= fast, non-specific Adaptive= slower, specific, memory |
| Difference between B and T lymphocytes? | B cells make antibodies. T cells attack infected cells and help regulate. |
| What are alveoli and their main function? | Tiny sacs on lungs where gas exchange occurs, huge surface area |
| What muscles are primary for inspiration? | Diaphragm and external intercostals. |
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Mbuted
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