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Jocelyn David
Final Anatomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Connective tissue components Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium | Endomysium—delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers Perimysium—tough connective tissue binding together fascicles Epimysium—coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole |
| How posture is maintained | Muscles exert a continual pull on bones in the opposite direction from gravity Structures other than muscle and bones have a role in maintaining posture, Nervous system, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and endocrine system |
| Afferent and efferent divisions | Afferent division—consists of all incoming sensory pathways 2. Efferent division—consists of all outgoing motor pathways |
| Meninges—three membranous layers | Dura mater—strong, white fibrous tissue; outer layer of meninges & inner periosteum of the cranial bones; three extensions Falx cerebelli—separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum Tentorium cerebelli—separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum |
| Nerve plexuses | Plexuses—complex networks formed by the ventral rami of most spinal nerves (not T2 through T12) subdividing and then joining together to form individual nerves Four major pairs of plexuses cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal |
| Role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) | Contains afferent sensory & efferent motor components Carries fibers the autonomic effectors Major regulate heartbeat, smooth muscle contraction, glan-dular secretions, metabolic functions to maintain homeostatic balance react to threats to balance |
| Classification by sensory pathway | Somatic sensory receptors—found in skin, muscles, ligaments, eyes, ears Autonomic (visceral) sensory receptor—found in internal organs |
| Olfaction | our sense of smell, which detects the presence of chemicals called odorants |
| Structure of the ear | External ear—two divis Auricle, visible portion of the ear External acoustic meatus tube leading from the auricle into the temporal bone and ending at the tympanic membrane Middle ear epithelium-lined cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone Inner ear |
| Classification of Hormones by general function | Tropic hormones—hormones that target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion Sex hormones—hormones that target reproductive tissues Anabolic hormones—hormones that stimulate anabolism in target cells |
| Pituitary Gland | Made up of two separate glands, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland) |
| Red and White blood cells | Mature RBCs (erythrocytes) have no nucleus and are shaped like tiny biconcave disks Don't contain ribosomes, mitochondria, & other organelles typical of body cells Primary component hemoglobin WBC also called leukocytes Transparent cells with nuclei |
| Types of heart vessels | Artery - carries blood away from heart Vein - carries blood toward heart Capillary - tiny vein carries blood from arteries to veins |
| Types of blood vessels | Angiogenesis - formation of new blood vessels Arteries - elastic (largest), muscular (disturbing), arterioles (resistance), metarterioles (in some tissues) Capillaries Veins |
| Hemodynamics | collection of mechanisms that influence the dynamic (active and changing) circulation of blood |
| Lymphatic System | maintain fluid balance in environment & immunity; third function collect fat from intestines & transport to systemic veins. circulatory system; made of lymph, lymphatic vessels, isolated structures containing lymphoid tissue |
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