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Anatomy Bone Quiz
A review of all the notes we have taken on the Bone unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List and briefly discuss the functions of bone | Support- Skeleton makes up for the frame of the body. Muscles attach to bones, fat attaches to muscle, and skin attaches to fat Movement- Muscles move bone, bones move the body Protection- ALL vital organs are located in cavities protected by the bone |
| What does bone protect? | Brain (skull), heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, reproductive system (pubic bones), salt storage, calcium storage and regulation. |
| What is long bones? | Bones of the appendages (arms, fingers, legs, toes). |
| What is flat bones? | Thin width with varying shapes (skull and ribs). The most flexible bones, and can absorb / distribute impact. |
| What is irregular bones? | Also known as short bones. More cuboidal in shape, these are the bones of wrist and upper foot. (Asymmetrical bones / vertebrae, pelvic). |
| What is the function of periosteum serous membrane? | Protects organs and house serous fluid. |
| What is the function of serous fluid? | Brings nutrients to the organ and brings white blood cells to fight infection. |
| What is articular cartilage? | Forms joints between bones. Prevents bones from touching. |
| What is medullary cavity? | Hollowed out center of bone, its home to bone marrow, site of blood cell production, and proteins and other nutrients. |
| What are spongy bones? | Developing bone found at the epiphyses. Site of bone growth, serves to absorb impact when moving. |
| What is compact bone? | Calcified (mineralized) bone, and it's more solid. |
| Explain Microscopic anatomy of bone. | Within bone there are series of canals. Osteoblasts are carried by blood vessels and will develop into bone as they are released from blood vessels. |
| What is Haversian System | Series of canals within bone. |
| What is Endochondral Ossification in bone development? | The formation of bone within cartilage. In the beginning a cartilage "skeleton" forms as a body frame. Blood vessels begin to infiltrate the cartilage model by depositing osteoblasts. The osteoblasts will mature into osteoclasts. |
| Define Osteoclasts. | Breaking down the cartilage model from the inside. |
| Define Osteocytes. | Will take the place of the cartilage. |
| Explain Intramembranous Ossification. | It begins with mesenchyme cells forming a membrane outline. Blood vessels and nerves will infiltrate the membrane outline. Mesenchyme cells mature into Osteocytes and the cells move within the membrane to form bone. |
| Define Intramembranous Ossification. | Intramembranous means within the membrane, Ossification means bone formation. |
| Explain bone fractures. | Blood fills the damaged area surrounded by a new membrane of mesenchyme - also known as a hematoma. Scar tissue will fill the area along with new Osteocytes from the membrane (Intramembranous Ossification). |
| What are the different types of incomplete broken bones? | Greenstick Fracture, and Stress Fracture. |
| Define a greenstick Fracture. | Almost a complete break with fragments still together. |
| Define a stress fracture. | Crack in bone with no visible separation. |
| What are the different types of complete broken bones? | comminuted fracture, oblique fracture, transverse fracture, and spiral fracture. |
| Define comminuted fracture. | Bones are crushed into many pieces |
| Define oblique fracture. | bone breaks at an angle |
| define transverse fracture. | bone breaks in a longitudinal line (across). Heals the fastest. |
| define a spiral fracture | bones are twisted apart |
| Explain bone growth in childhood. | Bones growth at the ends via Endochondral ossification, from birth to approx age 10, growth is constant. From approx 10 to termination, growth occurs in spurts. |
| Where does cartilage grow in childhood? | At the ends of bone |
| Define Lepiphysel plate. | Gap between new bone and new cartilage |
| Define epiphyseal line. | Line of new bone on an x-ray |
| Explain bone remodeling in adulthood | Constant addition and removal of minerals as needed by other parts of the body. Bone density changes constantly. |
| What are the 2 main minerals in bone that are added and removed in adulthood? | Calcium and Phosphorus |
| What controls the addition and removal of calcium & phosphrus | Hormones. Hormones that sense the need for specific nutrients dictate bone remodeling. |
| What are the two types of hormones that dictate bone remodeling? | Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone. |
| Briefly define Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone. | Calcitonin: puts calcium into bone Parathyroid: takes calcium out of muscle |
Created by:
JuliMann
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