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AP GOV Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bicameralism | a legislative system with two houses or chambers |
| Senate | the smaller of the two chambers in a legislature, like the U.S. Congress, that helps create laws |
| house of representatives | is the lower house of the U.S. Congress, part of the legislative branch, responsible for creating laws and representing the population |
| Coalition | a cabinet formed when two or more political parties agree to work together, typically because no single party has won a majority in the legislature. |
| Federal budget | the U.S. government's annual financial plan, detailing expected revenues and expenditures for a fiscal year |
| Raising revenue | the process by which a government collects income through various means, primarily taxation, to fund its public services and operations |
| Coining money | the exclusive authority to physically produce and regulate the nation's currency, ensuring a uniform and stable monetary system |
| Committees | a group of legislators appointed to consider, investigate, and report on specific topics, which helps manage the workload and facilitate the legislative process |
| Speaker of the House | the chief officer and presiding leader of the U.S. House of Representatives, a role that combines parliamentary and political duties |
| President of the Senate | the vice president of the United States as the president of the Senate |
| Party leadership | the officials elected by a political party to manage its affairs within a legislature, acting as spokespersons and strategists |
| Filibuster | a tactic used in the U.S. Senate to delay or block a vote on a bill by prolonging debate, sometimes indefinitely |
| Cloture | a parliamentary procedure used to end debate in a legislative body and force a final vote |
| Holds and unanimous consent | a hold is an informal objection by a single senator to block a measure from being considered, and unanimous consent is an agreement where all senators agree to move forward, bypassing regular procedures |
| House rules committee | a committee in the U.S. House of Representatives that sets the terms for debate and amendment for most legislation, effectively controlling the flow of bills to the House floor. |
| Committee of the whole | a parliamentary procedure in which the entire membership of a legislative body meets as a committee to conduct informal debate and preliminary consideration of bills or other matters |
| Discharge petition | a legislative procedure in the U.S. House of Representatives that allows members to force a bill out of committee and onto the floor for a vote, even if the committee leadership opposes it. |
| Treaty ratification | the formal process by which the U.S. Senate approves a treaty negotiated by the President, requiring a two-thirds majority vote to become a legally binding agreement |
| Confirmation role of the Senate | its constitutional power to give "advice and consent" on presidential appointments, which includes federal judges and cabinet members |
| Discretionary spending | the portion of the federal budget that Congress decides on annually through the appropriations process |
| Mandatory spending | is spending on programs required by existing law, automatically funded each year without needing annual approval from Congress |
| Entitlement costs | government expenditures that are legally required and guaranteed to citizens who meet eligibility criteria, such as Social Security and Medicare |
| Pork barrel legislation | government spending that allocates federal money to a legislator's home district for local projects, often added to a bill to gain support |
| Logrolling | a political practice of vote trading, where legislators agree to support each other's bills in exchange for reciprocal support |
| Partisanship | the strong allegiance or loyalty to a political party and its interests, often accompanied by a negative view of opposing parties |
| Divided government | is a situation where the executive and legislative branches of the federal government are controlled by different political parties |
| Ideology | a set of beliefs and values that shape how individuals and groups understand the political world and their role in it |
| Gridlock | |
| Gerrymandering | |
| Redistricting | |
| Unequal representation | |
| Lame duck presidents | |
| Trustee | |
| Trustee | |
| Delegate | |
| Politico | |
| Constituent | |
| President | |
| Federalist No. 70 | |
| Formal vs. Informal powers | |
| Veto | |
| Pocket veto | |
| Foreign policy | |
| Commander in Chief | |
| Executive agreements | |
| Executive orders | |
| Signing statements | |
| Cabinet members | |
| Ambassadors | |
| White House staff | |
| Judicial appointments | |
| Congressional agenda | |
| 22nd Amendment | |
| State of the Union Address | |
| President’s bully pulpit | |
| Agenda setting | |
| Bureaucracy |
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