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Collectivisation

Leaving Cert History

QuestionAnswer
By mid-1920s Russia was suffering from . . . Regular food shortages
Was collectivisation initially voluntary or involuntary? Voluntary, and villages that formed collectives were promised new schools and health centres
Who introduced the Collectivisation scheme? Stalin
What kind of policy was collectivisation An agricultural policy
When was collectivisation pursued and by who? 1928-1940, Stalin
Under collectivisation . . . The state confiscated small, peasant owned farms and consolidated them into large state-owned farms know as Sovkhozy or "voluntary" cooperative farms known as kolkhozy
Large state owned farms were known as? Sovkhozy
Voluntary cooperative farms were known as Kolkhozy
In a Kolkhoz The peasant farmers collectively owned the land and equipment
Peasant farmers were either . . . Employed to work on the collective farms or required to move to urban areas to work in industry
Each Kolkhoz was run by a . . . Committee overseen by the local Communist Party
The committees had to . . . Meet a specified production target and sell their produce to the state at a fixed price
All produce of which was owned by the state The Sovkhozy
Stalin believed that collectivisation would . . . Increase agricultural exports providing the state with the funds needed to modernise agriculture and would increase food production and bring an end to the grain shortages
He envisioned that peasant farmers would . . . Voluntarily give up their farms and wasn't best pleased when they didn't
How many farmers had voluntarily joined the collectives by 1929 Less than 10%
In 1929 Stalin sent members of the secret police and the Red Army to . . . Forcibly confiscate the peasant's lands
True or False: The attempts to forcibly confiscate land was met with fierce resistance True, especially from Kulaks (wealthy farmers) who had the most to lose
Stalin ordered that Kulaks be removed from the countryside and many were sent to gulags with propaganda labelling them as . . . Enemies of the workers
In retaliation to Stalin's policy farmers. . . burned their crops and slaughtered their animals, rather than hand them over to the state
In response to this retaliation . . . the Red Army destroyed villages and the secret police arrested and executed those responsible, specifically targeting the kulaks
By March 1930 it was announced . . . that 58% of farmers had joined collective farms
When did Stalin halt the forced confiscation of land? After the announcement in March 1930, believing peasants had been treated too harshly
Confiscation resumed in . . . September 1930 due to a significant drop in farmers complying with collectivisation
By 1936 . . . Over 90% of farmland had been collectivised and 250,000 collective farms had been created
In the early 1930s collective farms remained inefficient and modernisation was slow, there were regular food shortages
From 1932-33 . . . There was a famine
Production of grain didn't reach pre-WW1 levels till 1940
The ruthlessness of collectivisation led to . . . Enormous suffering for Peasant Farmers
The destruction of crops and livestock combined with poor weather conditions led to . . . a famine in 1932 and 33 causing the deaths of an estimated 10million
In Ukraine where there was fierce resistance to collectivisation . . . Stalin deliberately cultivated famine conditions, in what is known as the Holodomor, to eliminate calls for Ukrainian independence
In the Holodomor Authorities Limited travelling outside Ukraine and confiscated food from households
These measures led to an estimated 5 million deaths in the Ukraine
How many kulaks were sent to gulags (prison camps)? An estimated 2.5 million
Eric Hobsbawm quote "The Stalinist system .. .. once again turned peasants into serfs "
Prisoners were forced to work on . . . The construction of roads, canals and other large-scale projects
How many peasants left the country side to find work in towns and cities due to modernised farming requiring fewer workers? Over 17million
Created by: rfitz09
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