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Constitution Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Legislative Branch | Makes Laws |
| Executive Branch | Enforces and Carries out Laws |
| Judicial Branch | Interprets laws including the Constitution and settles disputes |
| Separation of Powers | Principle divides government into 3 branches influenced by Baron de Montesquieu so no branch becomes too powerful |
| Checks and Balances | Principle where one branch of government can limit the power of the others so no branch becomes too powerful |
| Rule of Law | the principle that the law applies to everyone and nobody is above the law...not even the President |
| Natural Rights | Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness influenced by John Locke and written in the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson. |
| Due Process | Fair legal procedures to protect citizens rights from government power. |
| Article 1 of the Constitution | Legislative Branch - Congress makeup, power, and responsibilities |
| Article 2 of the Constitution | Executive Branch - President and Cabinet's powers, makeup and responsibilities |
| Article 3 of the Constitution | Judicial Branch - Supreme Court's power, makeup and responsibilities |
| Article 4 of the Constitution | Relations between States - how states interact with each other and the federal government |
| Article 5 of the Constitution | Amendment Process - How changes are made to the Constitution |
| Article 6 of the Constitution | Supremacy Clause - states the Constitution is the "Supreme" law or highest law of the government/country. |
| Article 7 of the Constitution | Ratification of the Constitution - Officially approves and establishes the new U.S. Constitution. |
| Impeach/impeachment | Congress formally accuses a government official (judge, president, or elected official) of a crime or misconduct in office |
| Treaty | A formal agreement our President makes with leaders of other countries, but it must be approved by the Senate. |
| Bicameral | Two separate law making bodies called houses or chambers. Our Congress is bicameral with the Senate and House of Representatives |
| Boycott | To refuse to purchase certain goods or services |
| Principle | A fundamental idea that guides beliefs, customs, behavior and rules, |
| Popular Sovereignty | Principle of the idea that power lies with the people through democracy (voting) |
| Limited Government | Principle that a government can only do what the Constitution allows it to do. |
| Federalism | A form of government in which power is divided between the federal/national government and the states. |
| Supremacy Clause | Clause in the Constitution stating that the Constitution and other federal laws are the "supreme law of the land" |
| Ordinance | A law |
| Ordinance of 1785 (Articles of Confederation) | Set up surveying (mapping) of the Northwest territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.) |
| Northwest Ordinance (Articles of Confederation) | Named the Northwest Territory, established a legislative body to govern the territory, and set up a procedure for admitting new states to the Union. |
| Shay's Rebellion | An uprising in Massachusetts farmers who did not want to lose their land due to high taxes after the American Revolution |
| Delegate | Government representative |
| Virginia Plan | Proposed a government with a president, two house congress, and courts. It also proposed the states population determined how many representatives they would have in both houses. Larger states liked this plan. |
| New Jersey Plan | Proposed a government with a committee to oversee the executive branch, a stronger one house congress with each state getting one vote so they could regulate trade and impose taxes. Smaller states liked this plan. |
| Great Compromise | An agreement combining the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan providing a bicameral congress, each state getting two votes in the Senate and more votes based on higher population in the House of Representatives with a President & Courts. |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Agreement that enslaved people would count as 3/5 of other persons to determine representation in congress. |
| Electoral College | Group of people originally named by each state legislature, but now chosen by the voters, to select the president and vice president. |
| Federalist | Supporter of the Constitution and strong national government |
| Anti-Federalist | Opposed the ratification of the Constitution and supported the Articles of Confederation |
| The Federalist Papers | A series of essays written to defend the Constitution. |
| Preamble | Introduction that declares the governments ideas, goals and purposes. |
| Articles | Describes the structure, organization and powers of the federal government and 4 more articles that address important matters. |
| Amendments | Formal additions or changes to the Constitution. We currently have 27 |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the Constitution required by the Anti-federalists to support the ratification of the Constitution. |
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