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Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Knobby, enlarged ends of long bones that are sites for muscle and ligament attachment | Epiphysis |
| Elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| Region between diaphysis and epiphysis that is also called the epiphyseal plate in children and epiphyseal line in adults | Metaphysis |
| Solid and dense bone tissue that makes up outer part of long and short bones | Compact bone |
| Open spaces in spongey bone tissue that have vessels and nerves | Trabeculae |
| Bone tissue that is made of trabeculae and covers the internal surfaces of bones | Spongey bone |
| Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts | Osteoprogenitor cells |
| This type of cell is found in the periosteum and the endosteum | Osteoprogenitor cells |
| This type of cell builds the bone matrix | Osteoblasts |
| This type of cell detects mechanical stress, maintains bone tissue, and comes from osteoblasts | Osteocytes |
| This type of cell breaks down bone tissue to release calcium when the body needs it | Osteoclasts |
| This covering covers the external surfaces of bones, is made of mostly dense irregular tissue, helps to anchor vessels and nerves, and attaches muscles and ligaments | Periosteum |
| This covering covers most internal surfaces of bones | Endosteum |
| Main structural units of compact bone that is comprised of several layers of lamellae | Osteons |
| Ring layers around osteons that have collagen fibers running throughout | Lamellae |
| Structure running through the center of osteons that contains vessels and nerves | Central canals |
| Canals/tunnels connecting vessels in osteons to spongey bone | Perforating canals |
| Small cavities in lamellae that house osteocytes | Lacunae |
| Canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal | Canaliculi |
| Lamellae that is not a part of the osteon, but fills the gaps between them | Interstitial lamellae |
| Lamellae that is not part of the osteon, but wraps all the way around the bone and provides strength | Circumferential lamellae |
| Large rounded projection of a bone that may be roughened | Tuberosity |
| Prominent narrow ridge of a bone | Crest |
| Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process only found on the femur | Trochanter |
| Narrow ridge of a bone that is less prominent than a crest | Line |
| Small, rounded projection or process | Tubercule |
| Raised area above a condyle | Epicondyle |
| Sharp, slender, pointed projection | Spine |
| Any bone prominence | Process |
| Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck | Head |
| Smooth, nearly flat articular surface | Facet |
| Rounded articular projection | Condyle |
| Furrow or a trench | Groove |
| Narrow, slit-like opening | Fissure |
| Indentation at the edge of a structure | Notch |
| Canal-like passageway | Meatus |
| Hollow cavity within a bone that is lined with a mucous membrane | Sinus |
| Shallow, bowl-like depression in a bone | Fossa |
| Round or oval opening through a bone | Foramen |
| Bones that attach limbs to the axial skeleton | Girdle |
| Articulates with the trunk and is composed of the clavicle and the scapula | Pectoral girdle |
| S shaped long bone that has an acromial end and a sternal end | Clavicle |
| The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with this | The acromion process of the scapula |
| The sternal end of the clavicle articulates with this | Sternum |
| Broad, flat, triangular bone | Scapula |
| The three borders of the scapula | Medial, lateral, superior |
| The part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus | Glenoid cavity |
| Part of the scapula that articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle | Acromion process |
| Anterior, medial projection on the scapula | Coracoid process |
| Posterior ridge of the scapula that is important for muscle attachment | Spine |
| Part of the scapula that allows for passage of nerves | Suprascapular notch |
| Part of the humerus that articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint | Head |
| Part of the humerus that is frequently fractured | Surgical neck |
| Part of the humerus that is the rounded shoulder contour and is important for muscle attachment | Greater tubercule |
| Small rounded structure on proximal end of humerus that is for muscle attachment | Lesser tubercule |
| Part of the humerus that allows for nerve and tendon passage | Intertubercular sulcus |
| Part of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches | Deltoid tuberosity |
| Part of the humerus that articulates with the radius | Capitulum |
| Sites of muscle attachment at the distal end of the humerus | Medial and lateral epicondyles |
| Part of humerus that articulates with the ulna | Trochlea |
| Part of the humerus that accommodates the olecranon of the ulna | Olecranon fossa |
| Medial forearm bone | Ulna |
| Lateral forearm bone | Radius |
| Part of the radius that articulates with the humerus | Head |
| Part of the radius that is where the biceps brachii attach | Radial tuberosity |
| Part of the radius that forms the lateral wrist bump | Radial styloid process |
| Part of the ulna that forms the elbow and is where the triceps brachii attaches | Olecranon |
| The proximal, anterior process of the ulna | Coronoid process |
| Part of the ulna that articulates with the humerus | Trochlear notch |
| Distal region of the ulna that articulates with the carpals | Head |
| Part of the ulna that forms the medial wrist bump | Ulnar styloid process |
| The 8 wrist bones | Carpals |
| Bones of the palm that are labelled I-V laterally to medially | Metacarpals |
| 3 Bones of the fingers that are referred to as proximal, distal and middle | Phalanges |
| Only finger with just a proximal and distal phalange | Pollex |
| The bones that make up the pelvic girdle | Os coxae |
| Anterior articulation of the hip bone with the other os coxae | Pubic symphysis |
| Posterior articulation of the hip bone with the sacrum | Sacroiliac joint |
| Lateral articulation of the hip bone with the femur | Acetabulum |
| Superior border of the ilium | Iliac crest |
| The names of the 4 iliac spines | Posterior inferior, posterior superior, anterior inferior, anterior superior |
| Part of the ilium that allows for the passage of nerves | Sciatic notch |
| The names of the gluteal lines of the ilium | Anterior gluteal line, posterior gluteal line, inferior gluteal line |
| Main two parts of the ischium that connect to the pubis | Ischial body and Ischial ramus |
| Part of the ischium that supports the weight of the body when sitting | Ischial tuberosity |
| Part of ischium important for muscle attachment | Ischial spine |
| Opening between the ischium and the pubis that allows for the passage of vessels | Obturator foramen |
| Main three parts that make up the pubis | Pubic body, superior pubic ramus, inferior pubic ramus |
| Part of the pubis important for muscle attachment | Pubic tubercule |
| Part of the femur that articulates with the os coxae | Head |
| Part of the head of the femur that is indented for ligament attachment | Fovea capitis |
| Parts of the femur that are for muscle attachment | Greater and lesser trochanters |
| Space between the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur | Intertrochanteric crest |
| Posterior part of the femur where gluteal muscles attach | Gluteal tuberosity |
| Parts of the femur that are smooth and rounded to articulate with the tibia | Medial and lateral condyles |
| Parts of the femur superior to the medial/lateral condyles and are important for muscle attachment | Medial and lateral epicondyles |
| Space between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur | Intercondylar fossa |
| Flat, smooth surface of the femur that articulates with the patella | Patellar surface |
| Parts of the tibia that articulate with the femur | articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles |
| Rough, anterior projection on the proximal end of the tibia important for muscle attachment | Tibial tuberosity |
| Part of the tibia that forms the medial bump on the ankle and provides stability | Medial malleolus |
| Part of the fibula that articulates with the tibia | Head |
| Part of the fibula that forms the lateral bump on the ankle and provides lateral stability | Lateral malleolus |
| Tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia | Talus |
| Tarsal bone that forms the heel/posterior region of the foot and supports the talus | Calcaneus |
| Bones that make up the sole of the foot and are labelled I-V medially to laterally | Metatarsals |
| Cranial bone that makes up the forehead, the superior part of the orbits, and houses sinuses | Frontal bone |
| Cranial bone that is composed of 2 bones and makes up the roof of the cranium | Parietal bones |
| The opening to the auditory canal on the temporal bone | External auditory meatus |
| Part of the temporal bone where neck muscles attach | Mastoid process |
| Part of the temporal bone where the larynx and tongue attach | Styloid process |
| Part of the temporal bone that joins with the zygomatic bone | Zygomatic process |
| Part of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible | Mandibular fossa |
| Parts of the occipital bone that articulate with the vertebrae | Occipital condyles |
| Part of the occipital bone that allows for the passage of the spinal cord | Foramen magnum |
| Parts of the sphenoid bone which are projections that prominently stick out | Greater/lesser wings |
| Inferior part projections of the sphenoid | Pterygoid process |
| Part of the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland chamber | Sella turcica |
| Part of the ethmoid bone where the falx cerebri attaches | Crista galli |
| Part of the ethmoid bone that makes up the superior and inner architecture of the nose | Perpendicular plate |
| Parts of the ethmoid bone that form ridges inside the nasal cavity | Superior/nasal conchae |
| Parts of the ethmoid bone that open into the nasal cavity | Ethmoid sinuses |
| Suture the connects the frontal and parietal bones | Coronal |
| Suture the connects the parietal bones | Sagittal |
| Suture that connects the occipital and parietal bones | Lambdoid |
| Suture that connects the temporal and parietal bones | Squamous |
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