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Government
Ch 5-Part II
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| judicial branch | Interprets the law and oversees criminal cases, determine whether laws are constitutional |
| original jurisdiction | A court's power to hear a case before it is considered by any other court |
| appellate jurisdiction | A court's power to decide appeals, a case must first have been tried in a lower court before it can be appealed in a higher court |
| president pro tempore | Senate position held by the most senior member of the majority party; limited authority but third in line of presidential succession following the vice president and the Speaker of the House |
| quorum | Minimum number of members needed to transact business in the House of the Senate |
| sergeant at arms | Official in each house of Congress responsible for finding absent members needed to make up a quorum |
| Congressional Record | The journal, or record, of Congress's daily proceedings |
| franking privilege | The right of members of Congress to send official mail free of charge |
| pocket veto | Automatic veto of a bill if the president leaves the bill unsigned after 10 days while Congress is not in session, it cannot be overridden |
| National Guard | Modern state-rum militia under dual control of state and federal governments |
| writ of habeas corpus | Literally, "you should have the body" a court order that forces authorities who arrest a person to quickly bring him before a judge and charge him with a crime or else to release him |
| bill of attainder | Legislative act permitting punishment without a trial |
| ex post facto law | Criminalizes activities that were not crimes when they were committed or requires harsher punishments than were mandated at the time of the act, forbidden by the Constitution |
| appropriation | Money budgeted by Congress to fund programs |
| naturalization | The process by which a foreign-born person gains citizenship |
| executive branch | enforces the nation's laws, headed by the President |
| Electoral College | Votes cast by electors in the Electoral College |
| reprieves | Temporary postponement of punshiment |
| pardons | President's power to completely forgive a crime and it's punishment |
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