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AP gov unit 4 vocab
for quiz oct. 29th
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Judicial Activism | the view that judges should apply the principles and provisions of the Constitution to modern circumstances |
| Judicial Restraint | the view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of laws and the Constitution |
| Constitutional Courts | federal courts authorized by Article III of the Constitution that keeps judges in office for life during good behavior |
| District courts | the lowest federal courts that have original jurisdiction over most federal cases |
| Courts of Appeals | federal courts that hear appeals from district courts. they review each case for possible errors |
| Supreme Court | the highest court in the United States, made up of nine justices |
| Legislative courts | courts created by Congress for specialized purposes, such as the U.S. Tax Court |
| Litmus test | a consideration of the political ideology of a nominated judge |
| Judicial Review | the power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional |
| Writ of certiorari | an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review |
| Marbury v. Madison | landmark Supreme Court case that established the court's power of judicial review |
| Plaintiff | the party that initiates a lawsuit |
| Standing | a legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit |
| Precedent | the principle set by the court in one case that will be used as the bias for deciding future cases |
| Class-action suit | a case brought by an individual that will impact that person and all others similarly situated |
| Original Jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case first |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case brought to them on appeal from a lower court |
| Brief | a written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case and the laws and rulings that support it |
| Amicus curiae brief | a brief submitted by a "friend of the court" to provide the court with additional information on a case |
| Opinion of the Court/Majority Opinion | the judicial opinion agreed upon by more than half of the members of the court that explains the reasoning of the court's decision |
| Concurring opinion | a signed opinion in which one or more members agree with the majority view, but for different reasons |
| Dissenting opinion | a signed opinion that features the perspective of those justices who disagreed with the majority opinon |
| Stare decisis | "Let the decision stand" or allowing prop rulings to determine the courts stand on a current case |
| Senatorial Courtesy | unwritten custom that the Senate will not approve a judicial nomination if opposed by a senator from the state in which the nominee is to serve |
| Rule of Four | in order for a case to be granted certiorari, four justices must agree that the case is worthy to be heard |
| Amendment | a new addition the the Constitution that has been proposed by Congress and ratifies by the states |
Created by:
lesley_j
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