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patho ch 9 acid base
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acid definition | substance that donates H+ ion |
| base definition | substance that accepts hydrogen ion |
| pH | measurement of acid:base ratio, logarithmic scaling from 1-14 |
| anion gap | calculation of major cations and anion in plasma indicating acid/base balance uses sodium, chloride and bicarbonate |
| how is anion gap calculated (formula) | (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3-) total cation - total anion = anion gap |
| plasma buffer system timing | reacts in SECONDS to hydrogen ion level |
| respiratory buffer system timing | reacts in minutes to excrete CO2 |
| what do CO2 levels do in the blood | high CO2 = acidic (acidosis) low CO2 = basic (alkylosis) |
| renal buffer system | reacts in hours to days to produce, absorb, or excrete acid/base/ions |
| what ions does the plasma buffer system use? | bicarbonate buffer system protein potassium-hydrogen exchange |
| bicarbonate buffer system (strong acid) formula | HCl + NaHCO3 <-> H2CO3 + NaCl |
| bicarbonate buffer system (strong base) formula | NaOH + H2CO3 <-> NaHCO3 + H2O |
| rate of breathing in relation to pH | faster breathing = higher pH (more basic) slower breathing = lower pH (more acidic) |
| limit of respiratory buffer system | only works as well as the lungs can ventilate, it works only as short term stabilizer |
| how does renal buffer system work | H+ ion elimination and HCO3- conservation tubular buffer system (phosphate and ammonia) K+/H+ exchange Cl-/HCO3- exchange |
| PaCO2 | partial CO2 pressure a measure of how well CO2 is being removed from body |
| how does the respiratory buffer system work to manage pH | faster/slower breathing affect PaCO2 level (partial CO2 pressure) |
| carbonic acid buffer | H2O + CO2 <-> H2CO3 <-> H + HCO3- to increase pH (CO2 exhalation) and decrease pH (H+ release) |
| plasma buffer system types | bicarbonate buffer system protein buffer system K+/H+ exchange system |
| protein buffer system | largest buffering system involving intracellular proteins, albumin, plasma globulins in vascular compartment amphoteric proteins can function as acid OR bases to accept or donate H+ |
| amphoteric | ability to function as both acid or base |
| K+/H+ exchange | excess H+ diffuse across plasma membrane into cell, causing intracellular K+ to outside of cell AND IN REVERSE can cause hyperkalemia |
| ABG | arterial blood gas |
| Kussmaul respirations | |
| metabolic acidosis | caused by deficit of HCO3- secondary cause due to increase in strong anion (ie. Cl-) or weak acids |
| metabolic alkalosis | caused by excess of HCO3- |
Created by:
sleepingbear
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