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Ramon Pastores
Anatomy Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of it and its parts? | Anatomy |
| What is the study of the body parts that is visible to the naked eye called? | Gross Anatomy |
| What is the study of cells called? | Cytology |
| What is the study of tissues called? | Histology |
| This is the study that deals with the functions of the living organism and its parts. | Physiology |
| Name 10 characteristics of human life | responsiveness, conductivity, growth, respiration, digestion, absorption, secretion, excretion, circulation, and reproduction |
| Combination of atoms are called? | Molecules |
| What is the smallest and basic unit of life? | cell |
| These are structures made of molecules organized in such a way that it can perform a specific function. | organelles |
| What is the estimated number of cells in a 150-pound adult human body? | 100 trillion |
| This is the next level of organization after a cell. It is a group of similar cells that all developed together from the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. | Tissue |
| What is the "fabric" of the body? | Tissue |
| Structure made up of several different kinds of tissues arranged to perform a special function | organ |
| level of organization in the human body comprised of multiple organs that are arranged to perform complex functions of the body | system |
| This refers to the base or widest part of an organ | basal |
| This refers to the narrow tip of an organ | apical |
| When referring to a point of an organ that is somewhat "cone-shaped" | apex |
| this means "front" | anterior |
| this means "back" or in back of | posterior |
| another term for anterior or "toward the belly" | ventral |
| another term for posterior (toward the back) | dorsal |
| toward the midline of the body | medial |
| toward the side of the body or away from its midline | lateral |
| toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts | proximal |
| away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part | distal |
| near the surface | superficial |
| farther away from the body surface | deep |
| refers to the hollow area of an organ | lumen |
| near the center | central |
| around the boundary | peripheral |
| refers to an inner region or core of an organ | medullary |
| refers to an outer region or layer of an organ | cortical |
| What are the 2 major body cavities? | Dorsal & Ventral |
| What are the cavities classified as dorsal cavity? | cranial & spinal |
| What are the cavities classified as ventral? | thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
| What are the 2 portions of the abdominopelvic cavity? | abdominal cavity which is the upper portion and the pelvic cavity, the lower portion |
| Term referring to the lowest part of the small intestine. | iliac |
| Term referring to around the stomach | epigastric |
| This term means under the cartilage (rib cartilage) | hypochondriac |
| This term refers to the area below the stomach | hypogastric |
| What are the 2 divisions of the body? | Axial & apendicular |
| This term refers to the wasting effects of advancing age | atrophy |
| Study of aging process | gerontology |
| Refers to anything that has mass and occupies space | matter |
| Substance that is pure and cannot be broken down or decomposed into 2 or more different substance | element |
| Refers to the bond of 2 or more substances | compound |
| How many elements does the human body have? | 26 |
| Of the 26 of the elements in the human body, how many are classified as major? | 11 |
| What are the four major elements in the human body and what percentage do they make up? | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, & nigrogen; these 4 elements make up 96% of the human body. |
| What are trace elements? | 15 remaining elements in the human body that makes up about 0.1% of a human's body weight |
| refers to the interaction and activity between two or more atoms | chemical reaction |
| refers to a chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another | ionic or electrovalent bond |
| chemical bonds where atoms share an electron | covalent bond |
| A type of chemical bond that is weak because they require less energy to break | hydrogen bond |
| refers to molecules that are unequally charged | polar |
| refers to a chemical reaction of two or more substances called reactants combine to form a different, more complex substance called a product | Synthesis reaction |
| refers to chemical reaction that result in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances. | decomposition |
| In this type of reaction, chemical bonds are broken and energy is rleased. | decomposition |
| this type of reaction permits two different reactants to exchange components and, as a result, form two new products. | exchange |
| Another type of chemical reaction aside to synthesis, decomposition, and exchange | reversible |
| the breakdown of food molecules into smaller chemical units | catabolism |
| the building of larger and more complex molecules from smaller subunits; this type of reaction require energy; opposite of catabolism | anabolism |
| refers to the chemical reactions that occur in the body cells; or body chemistry | metabolism |
| the process of breaking down complex compounds into simpler ones but also releasing energy in the process | hydrolysis |
| the process of joining together of smaller units to form larger molecules | dehydration synthesis or condensation |
| What are the 2 kinds of compounds in living organisms? | organic & inorganic |
| refers to large organic molecules important in living organisms | biomolecules |
| these compounds are generally defined as compounds composed of molecules containing carbon covalent bonds or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds or both kinds of bonds | organic compounds |
| chemical property that allows water to act as a very effective solvent into which solutes can dissolve | polarity |
| water mixture that has particles slightly larger than molecules that are dispersed in water without settling out | colloid |
| What is the critical role water plays as a solvent? | transportation of many essential materials within the body. |
| Any substance that will release a hydrogen ion when in solution | acid |
| power of hydrogen; relative hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | ph balance |
| alkaline compounds; electrolytes that, when dissociated in solution, changes the hydrogen hydroxide balance in favor of hydroxide (OH) | bases |
| refers to substances that minimize changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- ions in our body | buffer |
| any compound that results from the chemical interaction of an acid and a base. | salt |
| body imbalance that refers to rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the blood | hypercapnia |
| refers to condition when body's acid set point level drops | acidosis |
| Cell is the fundamental organizational unit of life | Cell theory |
| 7.5 micrometers to about 150 micrometers | range of cell size in our body |
| Example of Cell types: | Nerve, muscle, red blood cells, gland cells, immune cells |
| cystosol or the watery fluid inside the cell | intracellular fluid |
| What are the main cell structures? | 1. plasma membrane 2. cytoplasm, including the organelles, & 3. nucleus |
| outer boundary of a cell | plasma membrane |
| concept that refers to the structure of cell membrane | fluid mosaic model |
| water loving | hydrophilic |
| water fearing | hydrophobic |
| little caves; tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble tiny caves | caveolae |
| what is the primary structure of a cell membrane? | double layer of phospholipid molecule |
| refers to proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane | IMP integral membrane proteins |
| What are the membrane functions? | Transport, Identification, Signaling, Connection |
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