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A&P Assignment One

QuestionAnswer
What are the six levels of structural organization in the human body? Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism
Term: Anatomical Position Definition: The standard reference position: body erect, feet together, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
What are the three components of a homeostatic control mechanism? Receptor, Control Center (brain), Effector
Term: Negative Feedback Definition: A process that reverses a deviation from the set point to maintain stability (e.g., temperature regulation).
What are the four elements that make up about 96% of the human body? Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Term: Ion Definition: An atom or molecule with a positive or negative electrical charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
How does electrolyte imbalance affect muscle or nerve function? Electrolyte imbalances disrupt nerve signals and muscle contractions.
What are the four major types of biomolecules? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Term: Enzyme Definition: A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.
Describe how high fever can affect enzyme activity. High fever denatures enzymes, slowing vital reactions.
Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”? The Mitochondrion
Term: Plasma Membrane Definition: Semi-permeable barrier controlling movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What is the main process by which cells produce ATP? Cellular Respiration
Term: Diffusion Definition: Movement of particles from high to low concentration without energy use.
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate? Anaphase
Explain why mitosis is critical for tissue repair in wound healing. Mitosis replaces damaged cells, aiding tissue repair.
What are the four primary tissue types? Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Describe one example of where epithelial and connective tissues interface. Epithelial tissue rests on connective tissue, which supplies nutrients.
Which type of connective tissue stores energy and insulates the body? Adipose Tissue
Explain how muscle tissue differs structurally between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated; cardiac is involuntary and branched.
Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes? Stratum Basale
Term: Keratin Definition: Tough protein providing waterproofing and protection to skin, hair, and nails.
Discuss how the skin contributes to thermoregulation. Skin regulates temperature by sweating and changing blood flow.
What are the two main types of bone tissue? Compact Bone and Spongy Bone
Term: Osteoblast Definition: Bone-forming cell that secretes bone matrix.
What bones make up the axial skeleton? Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs, and Sternum
Term: Fontanelle Definition: Soft spot in a newborn’s skull where bones have not yet fused.
What are the two major divisions of the appendicular skeleton? Upper Limb and Lower Limb (plus girdles)
Term: Pectoral Girdle Definition: Consists of the clavicles and scapulae; connects arms to the trunk.
How does the pelvic girdle differ structurally between males and females? Female pelvis is wider for childbirth; male pelvis is narrower and sturdier.
What are the three functional classifications of joints? Synarthrosis (immovable), Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), Diarthrosis (freely movable)
Describe how synovial fluid supports joint movement and reduces friction. Synovial fluid lubricates, nourishes, and cushions joints.
Created by: jmvega
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