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Tiffanee White
Weeks 1-5 (Anatomy)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the levels of structural organization in the human body? | Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism. |
| What is the anatomical position? | Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, feet flat and parallel. |
| Name the three major body planes. | Sagittal (left/right), Coronal/Frontal (front/back), Transverse (top/bottom) |
| What are the main body cavities? | Dorsal (cranial, vertebral) and Ventral (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic). |
| What are serous membranes, and what are their two layers? | Thin membranes lining cavities; visceral covers organs, parietal lines cavity walls. |
| What is the definition of “proximal” and “distal"? | Proximal = closer to the body’s trunk; Distal = farther from the trunk |
| What are the 11 organ systems of the body? | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive. |
| What are atoms, molecules, and compounds? | Atom = basic unit of an element; Molecule = two+ atoms bonded; Compound = atoms of different elements bonded. |
| What are the structural components of a feedback control loop in the body? | Receptor (sensor) detects change, control center processes information, and effector carries out the response to restore balance. |
| What type of bond shares electrons between atoms? | Covalent bond. |
| Why is water essential to anatomy? | Acts as a solvent, lubricant, and stabilizer for body temperature and reactions. |
| What is the definition of pH? | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration indicating acidity or alkalinity. |
| What are the four major classes of organic molecules? | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids. |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids. |
| What is the structure and role of DNA? | Double helix of nucleotides; stores genetic information. |
| What are the main parts of a typical human cell? | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm (organelles + cytosol), and nucleus. |
| Describe the plasma membrane’s structure. | Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins forming a fluid mosaic. |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | Houses DNA and controls cellular structure and activity. |
| What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? | Synthesizes and transports proteins; studded with ribosomes. |
| What is the appearance and function of mitochondria? | Bean-shaped organelles with inner folds (cristae); sites of energy (ATP) production. |
| What are lysosomes? | Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes to break down materials. |
| Identify the three types of cytoskeletal elements. | Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules (provide shape and support). |
| What are the four phases of mitosis? | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (followed by cytokinesis). |
| What are microvilli, cilia, and flagella? | Microvilli = increase surface area; Cilia = move substances; Flagella = propel the cell (e.g., sperm) |
Created by:
Twhite21
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